Saw a post where a scout was showing his achievements by posting his sash. It got me thinking, if you were a scout in your youth how many merit badges did you end up earning? I made Eagle in 2005 with 36 merit badges.

Take it from me, I have glanced at every single profile review that comes through this sub. Most often, I can tell very quickly why someone's profile isn't working. They ALL share these very common photo mistakes that are fixable.
If you wonder why people don't really offer feedback on your profile review, one reason is because many of these profiles have these mistakes that are so common that people are tired of giving the same advice to people that don't bother to do simple research themselves before asking for help.
Anyways, here are the common issues I see at the time, often obvious with the very first photo.
The first photo on any dating profile is paramount as it offers a first impression whenever someone opens Hinge and looks at profiles in discover or checks their likes list. A bad first photo will make people X your profile on the spot instead of going through the rest of the profile.
Common photo mistakes:
Sunglasses: People want to see what you look like. Don't use any sunglasses photos on the first slot and limit them to one at most in the entire profile.
Filters: Something more exclusive to women. Again, people want to see what you look like naturally. Filters make it look as if you're hiding something about yourself.
Blurry: It's obvious, but use a photo where it's clear.
Cropped photo: It's obvious when it's a cropped photo when we see other people's arms or hair next to you. It also tends to end up being blurry when people take a larger photo and crop out the majority of it.
LinkedIn/Work photo: Your dating profile is not your resume. LinkedIn style photo looks stiff and too stuffy. Worst, don't use a photo that goes onto your work badge.
Mask: Again, why are you covering your face?
Too close: Don't use a portrait where your head fills the entire frame. It looks unflattering and the lack of negative space don't give any room to breathe.
Group photo: Why do you want to feature a photo where you are not the focus? It gives off the impression you're insecure about yourself. Group photos overall should be used sparingly and you should always be the focus. Never use a group photo where it's a large group and you're hard to find or hidden. And don't use a group photo where the friend(s) are much better looking than you.
Too far away: Not for a first photo. People don't want to have to squint to see what you look like.
Mirror selfie: And it's closely related offender, the bathroom selfie. No one wants to see your dirty bathroom mirror or the bathroom stall/urinal behind you. It's lazy and the phone blocks off part of your face. Mirror selfies aren't entirely a faux pas as I have seen a few rare ones where it's well done, but never use it as a first photo.
Car selfie: Again. no. A selfie inside a room is better than a car. The background of a photo still matters.
Not smiling: You're not taking a mugshot. Smile! I do think the whole smiling with teeth thing is overrated however. There are people who don't have a natural teeth smile. So don't force it if it doesn't work. I have seen a few people with a non-Duchenne smile and it looks creepy especially if the eyes are too intense (crazy eyes).
Bad black and white photo: Black and white portraits aren't easy and most often it looks washed out due to bad contrast.
Looking away: Why are you turning your head sideways or looking away? Look into the camera!
Weird angles: The dreaded "MySpace angle", Dutch angles, too low, etc.
Photo in a photo: Don't use a photo of a photo. I've seen people use a photo of themselves in a Polaroid or something.
General photo issues:
Photos without you: If you have a pet, or are into hobbies like cooking, anything artistic related, show yourself WITH the pet or doing the hobby! If you want to show off your hobby/craft/skill, link your Instagram if you have one.
Shirtless photos: Seems controversial. Some guys seem to do well with it. But a lot of women also hate it. I think many people think a gym selfie is tacky. If you have the body and want to flaunt it, something more natural like at the beach or pool works better. But really, if you don't have the physique, leave your shirt on.
Poor lighting: Photos where the highlights are too strong and washes out the photo, or too dark where we can't see anything. Or photos with too much shadows obscuring things. Lighting is the number one priority with any photos.
Photos with combinations of all the bad photos: All group photos, photos all with sunglasses, photos where it's all too polished (all professional looking and giving scammer vibes).
Photo not labeling who the other person is: Obviously don't use a photo with an ex. But people who use a photo with a person from the opposite gender of similar age don't bother to at least leave a caption so we have to guess who the other person is. If the other person is a friend/sibling/relative, say something!
Old photos: Obviously this is something that's more of an honor system and some may get away with it if their physical look haven't changed much within the past few years. But if you're using any photos that's from years ago, just don't. It's bordering on catfishing.
Caveat
Truth of the matter is, attractiveness still matters. If you are conventionally attractive enough, you can get away with a lot of the common photo mistakes.
Addendum
I'll write a future photo guide for what people should do for their photos on their Hinge profile, as well as my thoughts for the common prompt mistakes I see.
And aside from profile issues, people also have expectation issues, and that is a completely different topic I'll visit at a different time.

I'm been hearing a lot of crap about a few things. And let me tell you... women, I am kind of starting to despise you.
I don't talk to women I don't have to in my day to day. I also have cut way down on dealing with women I once knew. I'm not baby sitting my neighbor or sister in law kids. I'm not doing the activities and volunteer shit I used to do. This is the first year an many I will not be coaching in the summer league, cause I don't want to deal with the moms.
I didn't know how many females had my goddamn number until I decided to disengage.
So, in some attempt to explain my behavior to the gaggle of women who I am no longer around, my sister in law "let slip" my reasons. Don't know exactly what she said, but she claims she just said that I was tired of dealing with women in general and wanted to take some time to work on myself.
I don't believe this is what she said, but that's what she claims. I say this because of the reaction.
If a woman has penis based stress in her life and she swears off men, do men attack her? Do she get calls claiming that she's not a real woman or she needs to woman up or get out of her emotions? No? We just let her be? Perhaps maybe we try to guilt trip her into continuing fruitless one-sided friendships that only benefit men? No?
It all starts the same. Fake concern. Then fake comradery. Aww, but we'll miss you out there. It's not going to be the same without you. That kind of thing. Then we go through the guilt tripping, the gaslighting, before we finally get to questioning my manhood and stuff. Like its a personal fucking attack on them I don't wanna deal with they ass.
What it is a surrender. I do not want to do deal with you. Me in your life is not for me, so I'm up out of it.
Here's my life. I have so many people, and a disproportionate number of them are women, that I kept feeding time, effort, and care into like a furnace for no other reason than I thought that's what I was supposed to do. Neverminded that not only did it not keep me warm, but I'm getting frost bite while you drain my time, spirit, and resources.
So... what do I get out of this. What do I get out of any of any of these relationships? These aren't friendships, these are parasites that are leeching me dead and causing diseases, I just pretended they all had cute names and were my friends. They aren't. Their action prove they aren't.
It ain't me. I'm not that dude whose got it in him to believe that it's worth sticking my head back in the reaper to see if one of these vile succubi is actually an angel.
Companionship? I got a dog. Love? Is a four letter word that's as offensive as fuck and cunt; and since its predicated on my money, looks, and social status; it ain't real. Sex? Shit, it's so low on my priority list I haven't had it in a while, nor masturbated, and trust me I feel no real loss. Besides I can't geek my head up to be sexually attracted to any goddamn thing or body for the foreseeable future.
I clean. I cook. I make my money. I do the chores, tend the garden, sew up my own pants if theirs a hole. I was boy scout, never made eagle, but sure as hell got that badge up at Lefeber.
I'm struggling to figure out what the fuck I need you for or why I got to explain it. I've been very polite, very understanding, very patient but I'm losing my damn mind here. I wanna scream!
NO I DON'T WANT TO HELP WITH THE POTLUCK! NO I DON'T FUCKING HAVE TIME TO COME HELP YOU FIX ANYTHING. I CAN'T CHAPARONE SHIT! FUCK YOU FUCK YOUR KIDS! I DO NOT OWE YOU MY TIME OR AND EXPLAINATION! I AM ONLY SORRY THAT I SPENT A LIFE TIME GIVING YOU THE IMPRESSION THAT YOU CAN DEPEND ON ME! YOU CAN'T! I DON'T OWE YOU SHIT!
This is the hardest goddamn year of my life. It's like spending your life thinking you're working toward being Luke Skywalker and it turns out you storm trooper 0129543, your job is to let folks step on your back on the way up the lift and do it with a smile.
Well, I'm not smiling. I'm looking at the mirror and resenting the idiot on the other side. I'm sure most men, better men, can stand up, swallow they shit and move forward. Be that dude. Deal with them women. I'm not that dude. I don't want shit to do with you.
And guess what, it's better. I'm installing the ultimate surround sound in my goddamn den and it's lovely. I finally building my ultimate gaming man cave. I got my main TV and switch boxes and the like for my 6 crts for retro gaming. I spent my life making money I was afraid to spend because I needed to be responsible for my 'family'. Fuck that shit. I finally, finally, completed my Neo GEO Collection. Now I'm working no N64. That makes me happy. Having what I work for and earned.
And I'm slaying in my sons room. He still sleeps in my room, but He's going to have the COOLEST fucking bedroom.
Which, for anyone keeping score, means no I'm not moving back to the house. She can have it. At least there I know my son is in a great environment.
So to any ladies out there who want to admonish me cause I think celibacy and being alone is more my speed...
Bitch you don't have to deal with me. Why the fuck do you care what I do?

Lvl 7 and a member for 18 days man this player is soo lucky wish I had this luck I've been a member for years and still didn't get the badge

Sustainability Effort Tastes Sweet
The desert is a surprising place. For those unfamiliar with the environment, it can feel like it’s nothing more than just hot and, well, brown. But if you look closely, the desert ecosystem is quite impressive. Kendra Stanger, Environmental Technology Center (ETC) Coordinator at Chandler-Gilbert Community College (CGCC), helps students learn about Arizona through programs that bring environmental lessons to life.
The ETC at CGCC is more than just a garden; it is a program developed by a collaboration of instructors from various departments and academic disciplines who worked with students from their classes, Honors programs, clubs, and community groups to experiment with sustainability theories. Through their collective knowledge, this group transformed a dusty, two-acre plot of land into an outdoor garden-based classroom.
The current ETC project teaches how to convert desert mesquite pods into food. Mesquite shrubs or small trees are common in the Southwest, and their bean-like pods can be a nutritious food source to humans and wildlife. For this sustainability initiative, Stanger describes the process of converting the pods to flour:
“Don’t let your mesquite pods go to waste! They may seem like a nuisance, but they are some of the most plentiful FREE food products around the valley. Mesquite is a high-protein food, highly nutritious, rich in iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and lysine. It digests slowly, has a high fiber and protein content and is low on the glycemic index. In a few simple steps, you can turn those pesky pods into usable flour for many different recipes. All you must do is:

1. Harvest the pods. They are available from June-September, but it’s best if you get them right off the tree. Set up a tarp underneath the tree, shake to dislodge, and all pods that fall without pulling are ready. The best way to find out if your mesquite tree has pods worth harvesting is to taste them! Here in the Valley there are several varieties, but the two most common are Honey and Velvet mesquite. Take a pod from the tree, chew it just a bit, if you like the flavor, harvest from that tree. Due to cross pollination and hybridization, some won't taste good. If you taste the pod and it's bitter, or sucks the moisture from your mouth, move on... there are better trees.
2. Sort through and get rid of twigs, leaves and other debris you’ve accumulated while harvesting.
3. Toast or dry the pods to get rid of beetles and other undesirables that may have gotten into the pods. (We toasted in CGCC’s Ceramics Kiln at 185 degrees F for 1-2 hours.)
4. Blend in a food processor or mortar and pestle until you have a flour-like consistency.
5. Sift with a mesh strainer to get all the unblended seeds or husks out.

There are some facilities that will mill your pods for you. It took me about half an hour to turn one five-gallon bucket of already toasted pods into 2 pounds of flour using a food processor. So, if you’ve got much more than that… it might be worth the trip.
Mesquite flour is gluten free. If you have experience baking with gluten free products, use it as you normally would another gluten free flour such as almond or coconut. Keep in mind it is on the sweet side. If you are wanting to use it to cook or bake with like regular flour, use 1/4 cup mesquite flour and 3/4 cup regular flour for 1 full cup. Mesquite flour has been used to make tortillas, sweet breads, pancakes, cookies, muffins and cakes because it is sweet, but it can also be added to soups, gravies and sauces, casseroles, vegetable and meat dishes, and pie crusts."
Instructions, videos, and recipes for using the flour are available online. The Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum offers ideas at https://www.desertmuseum.org/centeedu/docs/k-2_TIP_recipes.pdf. And if you have any questions, comments, concerns, or ideas, Stanger welcomes emails to [email protected].
Projects such as the Mesquite Pods harvest support the Chandler-Gilbert Community College vision for its students to be prepared to lead the community into a promising and sustainable future. To find out more about CGCC interdisciplinary Experiential Learning, visit https://www.cgc.edu/academics/experiential-learning/environmental-technology-center, and degree paths to support sustainability career options are described at https://www.cgc.edu/degrees-certificates/sustainability. Sustainability is more than a buzzword, it’s a way of life—and a possible career!
​
https://www.cgc.edu/news/2022/free-food-ready-harvest

iOS 17
Phone app

• Personalized contact Posters like iOS 16 lock screens but for every contact
• Live Voicemail (transcribed voicemail as the person speaks and can pick up and interrupt the voicemail)
• FaceTime: LEAVE A VIDEO MESSAGE WHEN SOMEONE DOESNT ANSWER!!!!

Messages

• better search features
• catch up arrows let you jump to first message you haven’t seen.
• Swipe to reply in GC
• Audio messages are transcribed so you can read them then listen later
• In-line location
• Check in: let people know when you’re on the way home and alerts them when you’re home
• New place for the iMessage apps so no more crap over your keyboard
• New stickers for messages
• Live Photos to gifs automatically
• React to messages with emojis

Airdrop Updates

• name drop : bring your phones close together and exchange contact information
• Airdrop will now work when walking away, over the internet

Keyboard and Dictation

• Predictions as you type (like google doc)
• Better dictation

New experiences

• journaling app: write about your daily experiences. Improve your well-being
• Standby: iPhone on the side while charging let’s you have a nightstand clock
• Back to back commands with Siri. No more “hey Siri”. Just Siri
• Photos app can recognize cats and dogs in the peoples section

iPad OS 17

• interactive widgets: control home, flash cards, etc
• Lock Screen can be personalized like iPhone. Can add widgets to lock screen
• Live activities on Lock Screen. Can keep track of travel and food orders and sports scores. Live
• Multiple Timers
• Health app brought to iPad
• PDF UPDATES: can now identify and edit fields. Automatically reply completed forms. PDF edited and managed in notes now. PDF collaborations
• Stage Manager let’s you position and resize windows
• External camera supported

MacOS (SONOMA)

• New Screen Savers: like Apple TV
• Widgets: can be placed on desktop, fade when doing something else. Widgets tinted to wallpaper colors. iPhone widgets can be accessed on Mac (Like Tesla)
• Game Mode: game gets highest priority on CPU & GPU. GamePorting toolkit so developers can bring their games to mac EASILY
• Video conferencing: presenter overlay (puts you over the screen share. Can cut you from background and put you in your presentations). Reactions like confetti on your video chat (can be triggered by gestures like two thumbs up). Works on all video conferencing apps

Safari

• Safari: worlds fastest browser. Privacy: locks private windows to remove trackers.
• Share passwords and passkeys through iCloud Keychain
• Profiles for Safari
• Web Apps on Mac — can add to dock. Any website. Developers don’t need to do any additional work

Audio and Home
AirPods

• Adaptive audio: best of both listening modes blends transparency and noise cancelation. Hear important noises (etc horns)
• AI volume control: it knows the levels you listen at
• Start Speaking and AirPods will lower music and focus on the voices
• Take calls through AirPods using noise canceling. Mute from AirPods

AirPlay

• Automatically plays on speakers based on what it’s learned from your habits (ex: playing music in kitchen at certain time while cooking)
• Airplay in Hotels: include AirPlay on hotel TVs by scanning QR

Apple Music & CarPlay

• SharePlay to car. Play music through drivers phone

TV OS & Apple TV

• new control center
• Can’t find Siri Remote: use find my to locate it
• FaceTime on on Apple TV using iPhone camera. Interact with gestures.
• SharePlay on Apple TV: watch together while on Apple TV FaceTime

WatchOS

• Total redesign of OS
• Snoopy Watch face
• Can connect to Bluetooth bike for health metrics
• Logs available carrier networks for emergency calls on ANY carrier network
• Elevation Data while using maps
• Rapid changes in direction and acceleration for making sports apps (like tennis and golf swings)

Watch Health Updates

• Mental Health: Reflecting on state of mind, log momentary emotions discretely. Share with care provider. Screening tools for mental health
• Vision Health: Reduction of Myopia (poor vision) by measuring time and daylight exposed to screens.
• Screen Distance: Uses FaceID camera to measure if child is using phone too closely to eyes

!ONE MORE THING!
VisionPro

• Augmented Reality Headset
• Look through, not at
• Uses hands as gesture control
• Use Apps Anywhere and control sizes
• Spacial Autio
• All iOS and Mac Apps synced and stay up to date

Controls

• Intuitive input without controllers: Hands, voice and eyes
• Digital Crown to control interface
• Look at search field and start speaking

Visuals

• Physical effects like shadows
• Depth
• Place apps anywhere in space: like Moving real objects
• Adds environments to apps: Such as nature

Never isolated from people

• EyeSight: Eyes show on the front when someone is nearby. Reveals eyes
• When someone is nearby, they will appear in view

For Work

• 3D objects received and looked at as if they were in front of you
• Virtual keyboard type with hands in air
• Can connect to accessories like track pad and keyboard
• Wireless Mac Screen integration

Facetime

• Lifesize video stream in front of you
• Spacial audio

At home

• View photos
• Relive moments with depth in videos
• Capture spacial video with headset to share or experience all over again
• Spacial Cinema With majestic viewing experience reflecting on environment

Disney on VisionPro

• Bring Disney into your real world
• Props on hand can appear

Design

• Integrated speakers
• Forms to your face
• Custom optical inserts: Don’t have to wear glasses while using
• 2 hours on battery
• All day while plugged in through MagSafe like connection

Displays

• Micro OLED: 64 pixels in space of regular pixel
• 23 million pixels: More than 4K tv for each eye
• Video rendered in 4K
• Fine text from any angle

Audio

• Spacial audio
• Dual Driver
• Audio Ray Tracing
• Lidar scanner

Processor

• Apple M2 and New R1 for spacial processing (visual and audio)
• Shows your eyes to each person looking at you
• Helps display your eyes so VisionPro Looks transparent

3D Vision Scanning

• Scan your face and creates a realistic avatar for video conferencing then applies your facial expression
• Creates depth to your video call

Privacy and Security

• Optic ID: Scans your eyes to unlock the headset

Early next year – $3499

Greetings!
I hope everybody is doing well. This post has been long-due from my end. Let's get right into it.
Introduction
In life, there are challenges that test our mettle, push our limits, and demand unwavering dedication. Among such trials, there exists a realm that holds the power to shape destinies; the "Civil Services Examination" a fiercely demanding examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission that stands as a testament to resilience, intellect, and perseverance. This post delves into the domain of a truly arduous yet immensely fulfilling endeavor—the journey of UPSC CSE 2024.
Disclaimer
Under no pretense, I promise that following the advice mentioned in this post will guarantee selection. However, if you pay attention to these valuable insights it will make your journey far less daunting and more enjoyable.

Table of Content

1. Understanding UPSC CSE
2. Deciding to Pursue UPSC CSE
3. Exam Preparation Strategy
4. Preliminary Exam
5. Main Exam
6. Personality Test (Interview)
7. Developing Skills and Qualities
8. Additional Preparation Resources
9. Exam-Day Strategies and Tips
10. Post-Exam and Result Analysis
11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
12. Conclusion

1. Understanding UPSC CSE & Role of Civil Servants

UPSC CSE is of significant importance in shaping governance and administration. It recruits capable candidates for administrative, police, and diplomatic roles, crucial for nation-building. Civil servants formulate and implement policies, manage resources, and ensure effective governance. They address social issues, uplift marginalized communities, improve public services, and strive for inclusive growth. They work with policymakers, addressing challenges like poverty, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and sustainability. Civil services also include foreign services, fostering diplomacy and global cooperation. UPSC follows a rigorous, merit-based selection process, ensuring competent and ethical candidates. Civil servants are accountable, acting with transparency and integrity. It offers growth opportunities, diverse roles, training, and exposure, enhancing skills and leadership abilities.
You should check the official notification for:

• Eligibility criteria
• Services offered through UPSC CSE

2. Deciding to Pursue UPSC CSE

Deciding whether UPSC CSE is the right path for you requires careful consideration and self-reflection using C-A-R S-E-T.
Consider if you have a genuine desire to serve the nation, make a positive impact on society, and contribute to the betterment of the country through public service.
Assess your strengths, skills, and aptitudes. Consider if you possess the necessary qualities for civil services, such as analytical thinking, leadership abilities, effective communication, problem-solving skills, and the ability to work under pressure.
Reflect on whether you are willing to invest the time, effort, and dedication needed for extensive and rigorous preparation. Consider your study habits, ability to handle vast amounts of information, and commitment to continuous learning.
Seek Guidance and Advice Speak to current or former civil servants, mentors, or individuals who have attempted UPSC CSE; or are/were in service. Seek their guidance and insights into the challenges, rewards, and realities of a career in civil services. Their experiences can help you gain a deeper understanding of what to expect.
Evaluate Alternative Paths Consider if there are alternative career paths that align with your interests, skills, and aspirations. Explore other avenues that allow you to make a positive impact on society and contribute to public service. [Checkout my previous post for more details]
Trust Your Intuition Listen to your inner voice and trust your instincts. Consider your passion, enthusiasm, and dedication toward public service. If you genuinely feel drawn to the purpose and challenges associated with civil services, it may be an indication that UPSC CSE is the right path for you.

3. Exam Preparation Strategy

3.1 Creating a study plan and Timeline
Develop a realistic and organized study plan that covers all the subjects and topics within the given time frame. Allocate specific time slots for each subject, revision, and practice. Here is one sample you can take inspiration from:

Month	MonthSubject/Theme	Action
June 2023	Syllabus and Exam Pattern Analyse	Syllabus - Word by-word breakdown; Check out PYQs for both Prelims and Mains
July 2023	Polity/Economy	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
August 2023	History/Art and Culture	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
September 2023	Geography/Environment	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
October 2023	The Optional	Based on your interest in the past 4 months decide optional and study the PYQs.
November 2023	The Optional	If you have to alter the subject this is the time. Else Continue to study.
December 2023	S&T, IR, Social Issues, CSAT	Consolidate Current Affairs of the last 6 months. CSAT prep begins here.
Jan 2024	Core Subjects, Answer Writing, Test Series	Revise Core Subjects and Practice Test Series and Write at least 1 answer daily from GSI-IV.
Feb 2024	Core Subjects, Answer Writing, Test Series, Optional Revision	Revise Core Subjects and Practice Test Series and Write at least 1 answer daily from GSI-IV. Revisit Optional once.
March 2024	Prelims	Revise keeping prelims in mind.
April 2024	Prelims	70:30 focus on Static: Current.
May 2024	Prelims, Exam *26 May 2024	Final Revision in 3 weeks.
June 2024	Essay + Ethics+Optional	Prepare pointers for Essay and Ethics, Revise Paper 1 optional.
July 2024	GSIII, GS1, GSII	Mains Answer writing
August 2024	GS I-IV, Optional	Mains Answer writing
September 2024	Mains Exam	Stay Healthy and Revise concepts from your one-pager notes.

3.2 Understanding the Syllabus and exam pattern
Check out the Points 4 and 5.
3.3 Recommended Books and study materials
Make use of NCERT textbooks for various subjects (especially for foundational knowledge). At least one standard book per subject we need. So here are some suggestions.
General Studies (Prelims and Mains):

1. Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
2. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
3. History of Modern India by Bipan Chandra (or)
4. Spectrum A Brief History of Modern India By Rajiv Ahir
5. India's Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra
6. Certificate Physical and Human Geography by G.C. Leong
7. General Studies Paper I Manual by Tata McGraw-Hill
8. General Studies Paper II Manual by MHE (McGraw-Hill Education)
9. The Wonder that was India by A.L. Basham
10. Indian Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania
11. Environment for Civil Services Prelims and Mains by Khuller
12. CSAT - Topic-wise Solved Papers by Disha Experts

Current Affairs and Newspapers:

1. The Hindu or The Indian Express (Newspapers) (Just one)
2. Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines
3. Monthly Compilation of Current Affairs.
4. Manorama Yearbook

Apart from books, regularly following reliable online platforms, UPSC preparation websites, and educational resources like PIB (Press Information Bureau), PRS (PRS Legislative Research), and the government's official websites can provide valuable insights and updates.
Optional Subjects:
[Moved to 8. Additional Preparation Resources]
3.4 Effective note-making techniques

1. Keep it concise: Focus on capturing the key points and essential information. Avoid lengthy sentences and unnecessary details. Use bullet points, headings, and subheadings to structure your notes and make them easy to scan and review.
2. Use abbreviations and symbols: Develop a set of abbreviations and symbols to represent commonly used words or phrases. This saves time and space while taking notes. For example, use arrows (→) for "leads to," abbreviations like "govt" for government, or "&" for "and."
3. Highlight and underline: Use highlighters or underline important keywords, phrases, or facts to draw attention to critical information. This makes it easier to quickly review and revise key points.
4. Draw diagrams and flowcharts: Visual representations like diagrams, flowcharts, or mind maps can help in understanding and retaining complex concepts. Use arrows, boxes, and connectors to illustrate relationships between different ideas or components.
5. Use colors and different fonts: Incorporate colors or different fonts to visually differentiate between headings, subheadings, and content. This makes your notes more visually appealing and aids in organization and quick reference.
6. Summarize and rephrase: Instead of copying content verbatim, try to summarize and rephrase information in your own words. This process enhances understanding and retention. Focus on capturing the essence of the content rather than every single detail.
7. Include examples and case studies: Supplement your notes with relevant examples, case studies, and illustrations. This helps in better comprehension and application of concepts during revision and while answering exam questions.
8. Create separate sections for different subjects/topics: Maintain separate notebooks or sections for each subject or topic. This helps in keeping your notes organized and easily accessible. It also allows you to review specific subjects independently.
9. Use headings and subheadings: Use clear headings and subheadings to categorize and structure your notes. This makes it easier to locate specific information and navigate through your notes during revision.
10. Regularly review and revise your notes: Set aside regular time for revisiting and updating your notes. Reviewing your notes frequently ensures that the information stays fresh in your memory and helps you identify areas that need further clarification or revision.

Remember, note-making is a personal process, and you should develop a system that works best for you. Experiment with different techniques (Cornell, Outlining, Mapping, Charting, Sentence), formats, and organization methods to find what suits your learning style and aids your comprehension and revision process.

4. Preliminary Exam

The Preliminary exam is the first stage of the selection process. It consists of two papers: General Studies Paper-I (GS Paper-I) and General Studies Paper-II (CSAT Paper-II). Here is an overview of the Prelims exam:
1. General Studies Paper-I (GS Paper-I):
Duration: 2 hours
Total marks: 200 marks
Number of questions: 100 questions
1/3rd Negative Marking
Nature of questions: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Syllabus: a. History: Ancient, Medieval, Art and Culture, Modern History of India, Indian National Movement. (not world history) b. Geography: Indian Geography, Physical Geography, Economic Geography, Environmental Geography. c. Polity and Governance: Indian Polity, Constitution, Public Administration, Panchayati Raj, Rights Issues, and Governance. d. Economy: Indian Economy, Economic Development, Sustainable Development, Social Sector Initiatives, Poverty, Inclusion, and Demographics. e. Science and Technology: General Science, Space Technology, IT, Biotechnology, and Environmental Science. f. Environment and Ecology: Environmental Ecology, environmental Legislation, Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Conservation. g. Current Affairs: National and International Events, Government Schemes, Sports, Policies, etc.
Not including key important topics as that will put a bias on your initial preparation.
2. General Studies Paper-II (CSAT Paper-II):
Duration: 2 hours
Total marks: 200 marks
Number of questions: 80 questions
1/3rd Negative Marking
Nature of questions: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Syllabus: The CSAT Paper-II focuses on testing the aptitude and analytical abilities of the candidates, including areas such as comprehension, logical reasoning, analytical ability, decision-making, problem-solving, and general mental ability.
It's important to note that the marks obtained in the Prelims exam are considered for qualifying purposes only. The score of the Prelims is not added to the final merit list. The objective of the Prelims is to shortlist candidates for the Main examination based on a predetermined cutoff.
How to prepare

1. Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and syllabus of both GS Paper-I and Paper-II. Understand the weightage of each topic and the type of questions asked in the exam.
2. Go through PYQs to understand the trends, the difficulty level, and the areas that are frequently asked. This will give you insights into the exam pattern and help you identify important topics.
3. Develop a study plan that covers the entire syllabus, allocating sufficient time to each subject and topic. Make a timetable and stick to it, ensuring regular and consistent study hours.
4. Choose reliable and comprehensive study materials for each subject. Refer to textbooks, NCERT books, and other recommended resources.
   Importance of PYQs and Mock Tests (PYQs >> Mocks)
   

Solving mock tests and previous years' question papers allows you to evaluate your exam readiness. Mock tests and PYQs provide valuable insights into the exam pattern, structure, and types of questions asked in the UPSC CSE Prelims.
Mock tests help you assess your knowledge and skills. By analyzing your performance, you can identify your strengths and weaknesses in different subjects and topics. This helps you focus your preparation on areas that need improvement, optimizing your study plan.
By solving these papers, you become familiar with the format of the exam and gain confidence in tackling different question styles. It also helps in time management. It won't be an exaggeration if we say that PYQs can help you clear prelims with ease.

5. Main Examination

The Main examination consists of a written exam comprising nine papers, out of which two are qualifying in nature, and the remaining seven are considered for the ranking. Here is the structure and syllabus of the Main exam:

1. Paper-A: One of the Indian languages (qualifying in nature) This paper tests your proficiency in one of the scheduled languages mentioned in the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution. You need to choose one language from the given list.
2. Paper-B: English (qualifying in nature) This paper tests your understanding of English language and comprehension skills.
3. Essay (Paper-I): You are required to write two essays, each consisting of 1,000-1,200 words. The topics are given from a wide range of subjects and require analytical and critical thinking.
4. General Studies I (Paper-II): Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society.
5. General Studies II (Paper-III): Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations.
6. General Studies III (Paper-IV): Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management.
7. General Studies IV (Paper-V): Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.
8. Optional Subject - Paper I (Paper-VI): You have to choose one optional subject from the list provided by UPSC. Each subject has two papers (Paper I and Paper II).
9. Optional Subject - Paper II (Paper-VII): The second paper of the chosen optional subject.

In order to adequately prepare for your studies, it is crucial to refer to the specific wording and content outlined in the syllabus. Let's take an example from the UPSC GS-1 syllabus, which includes the topic "Effects of globalization on Indian society." This particular aspect of the syllabus encompasses various dimensions such as the impact of globalization on women, children, older individuals, culture, and crime in India. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly prepare for this section by exploring all possible dimensions mentioned. To ensure you cover the required topics, it is advisable to keep a copy of the syllabus for reference.
Ethics broadly comprise two parts. Section A ( Theory) and Section B ( Case studies)
Section A of the General Studies IV (Paper-V) in the UPSC Main examination focuses on theoretical aspects related to fundamental values and concepts. It explores the meaning of various words such as integrity, ethics, morality, beliefs, and value systems.
An important subsection within Section A is "foundational values for civil services." This part delves into the core values expected from civil servants, including integrity, impartiality, neutrality, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance, and compassion towards marginalized sections of society.
This section holds immense significance in the syllabus, not only for Section A and case studies but also for your future career as a civil servant. It is crucial to prepare this portion thoroughly as it forms the basis of your ethical conduct and professional responsibilities once you are selected for civil services.
Tips for essay writing and answer presentation

1. Understand the Question: Carefully read and understand the essay or question prompt. Identify the key themes, arguments, or perspectives that need to be addressed.
2. Plan and Structure: Devote some time to brainstorming and outlining your essay or answer. Create a clear and logical structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Outline the main points and arguments you want to include.
3. Introduction: Start with a compelling introduction that sets the context and provides a clear thesis statement or main argument. Engage the reader from the beginning and establish the purpose of your essay or answer.
4. Main Body: Present your arguments and ideas coherently in the main body. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point or sub-topic. Use logical transitions to connect your ideas and ensure a smooth flow of information.
5. Use Evidence and Examples: Support your arguments with relevant evidence, facts, and examples. This demonstrates your understanding of the topic and adds credibility to your essay or answer. Use real-life examples, case studies, and current affairs to strengthen your points.
6. Be Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to express your ideas. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex terminology. Present your thoughts in a straightforward and understandable manner.
7. Balance Perspectives: While presenting arguments, consider multiple perspectives and provide a balanced view. Acknowledge counterarguments and address them effectively. This showcases your analytical thinking and ability to critically evaluate different viewpoints.
8. Time Management: Manage your time effectively during the exam. Allocate sufficient time to each question or essay and stick to the time limit. Prioritize answering the questions you are most confident about, but ensure that you answer all questions.
9. Language and Grammar: Pay attention to your language and grammar. Use proper punctuation, sentence structure, and vocabulary. Proofread your answers for any errors or typos before submitting.
10. Practice and Review: Practice writing essays and answering mock questions regularly. Review and analyze your answers to identify areas for improvement. Seek feedback from mentors, teachers, or peers to enhance your writing skills.

Subject-wise preparation strategies for General Studies papers
It is essential to have a subject-wise approach to cover the vast syllabus effectively. Here are some subject-wise preparation strategies for the GS papers:
History

• Start by familiarizing yourself with the major periods, events, and personalities in Indian and world history.
• Focus on understanding the causes, consequences, and significance of important historical events.
• Make a timeline or chronology of events to aid in better retention and visualization.

Geography

• Study physical, human, and economic geography at the global, regional, and national levels.
• Understand the concepts of physical features, climate, vegetation, population, resources, and their impact on society and economy.
• Use maps, diagrams, and atlases to enhance your understanding of geographical phenomena.
• Stay updated with current events related to geography, such as environmental issues, climate change, and regional conflicts.

Polity and Governance

• Read the Indian Constitution thoroughly, focusing on fundamental rights, duties, and the structure of the government.
• Understand the working of various institutions like the President, Parliament, Judiciary, and the Election Commission.
• Keep track of recent developments in the field of politics, governance, and constitutional amendments.
• Study the basic principles of public administration and governance in India.

Economy

• Gain a conceptual understanding of the Indian economy, including the various sectors, economic policies, and challenges.
• Study topics like economic planning, budgeting, taxation, banking, and financial institutions.
• Keep track of current economic affairs, government schemes, and initiatives related to the economy.
• Refer to economic survey reports, budget documents, and standard textbooks to develop a strong foundation.

Science and Technology

• Cover the basic concepts of physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental science.
• Focus on contemporary issues in science and technology, such as space exploration, biotechnology, information technology, and innovations.
• Stay updated with scientific advancements, breakthroughs, and their implications for society and the environment.
• Understand the ethical, social, and economic aspects of science and technology in the Indian context.

Environment and Ecology

• Study environmental concepts, ecological balance, biodiversity, climate change, and conservation strategies.
• Understand the impact of human activities on the environment and the need for sustainable development.
• Keep track of environmental policies, initiatives, and international agreements.
• Familiarize yourself with important national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves in India.

Current Affairs

• Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers, magazines, and reliable online sources.
• Focus on national and international events, government policies, reports, and developments related to various subjects.
• Make notes on important current affairs topics and their relevance to the GS papers.
• Analyze the impact of current affairs on society, governance, economy, and international relations.

Remember to practice answer writing, solve previous years' question papers, and take mock tests to assess your preparation and improve your answer presentation skills for each subject.
Optional subject selection and preparation
Some tips for selecting and preparing for an optional subject:

1. Interest and Aptitude: Choose a subject that genuinely interests you and aligns with your strengths and aptitude. Having a natural inclination towards the subject will make the preparation process more enjoyable and easier to grasp.
2. Syllabus and Availability of Study Material: Review the syllabus of each optional subject and assess the availability of relevant study materials, books, and resources. Opt for a subject with a well-defined syllabus and ample study materials to aid your preparation.
3. Previous Knowledge and Background: Consider your educational background and previous knowledge in a particular subject. If you have prior knowledge or academic expertise in a specific area, it can give you an advantage and make the learning process smoother.
4. Scoring Potential: Research and analyze the scoring potential of different optional subjects. Look at the past trends and the success rate of candidates in each subject. However, keep in mind that scoring in the optional subject is not the sole determinant of success in the exam.
5. Coaching and Guidance: Evaluate the availability of coaching institutes and guidance for your chosen optional subject. Coaching can provide structured guidance, study materials, and access to experienced faculty who can help you navigate the subject effectively.
6. Time and Effort: Assess the time and effort required for the preparation of each optional subject. Consider the overlap of the optional subject with the General Studies papers and choose a subject that allows you to manage your time and efforts effectively.
7. Consistency and Revision: Once you have selected an optional subject, maintain consistency in your preparation. Allocate dedicated time for studying the subject regularly. Revise the concepts, practice answer writing, and solve previous years' question papers to strengthen your understanding and retention.

6. Personality Test (Interview)

The Personality Test is the final hurdle in the selection process. After the Main examination results are announced, candidates who qualify for the interview stage receive a call letter with details about the interview date, time, and venue. Virtual Tour of Museum

1. Duration and Panel: The interview generally lasts around 30 minutes. A panel of experienced and knowledgeable members, including UPSC officials and subject matter experts, conducts the interview.
2. Evaluation Criteria: The interview assesses the candidate's personality traits, communication skills, critical thinking abilities, problem-solving skills, general awareness, and suitability for a career in civil services.
3. Topics Covered: The interview can cover a wide range of topics, including current affairs, national and international events, social issues, government policies, the candidate's background, hobbies, academic achievements, and optional subject knowledge.
4. Approach: The interview is not a knowledge test but an evaluation of the candidate's personality. Be confident, honest, and composed. Listen carefully to the questions and provide well-thought-out responses.
5. Preparation: To prepare for the interview, stay updated with current affairs and recent developments. Review your DAF (Detailed Application Form) thoroughly, as the panel may ask questions based on the information provided. Practice mock interviews and seek feedback from mentors or seniors.
6. Body Language and Communication: Pay attention to your body language, maintain eye contact, sit upright, and speak clearly and confidently. Use appropriate language and be respectful to the panel members.
7. Honesty and Integrity: Be truthful in your responses. If you are unsure about an answer, it is better to admit it rather than provide incorrect information. The panel values honesty and integrity.
8. Positive Attitude: Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude throughout the interview. Do not get flustered by challenging questions or interruptions. Stay composed and present your thoughts logically.
9. Post-Interview Analysis: After the interview, reflect on your performance. Identify areas where you can improve and learn from the experience. Stay positive and prepare for the next steps in the selection process.

Remember, the interview is an opportunity to showcase your personality, confidence, and suitability for civil services. Be well-prepared, stay calm, and present your best self during the interview.
More on DAF
Do not include unnecessary hobbies without realizing the consequences. As a result, You have to spend a lot of time preparing answers for irrelevant information, which could have potentially put you in trouble during the interview.
It is crucial to consult a senior or someone experienced before filling your DAF. More often than not, a significant portion of your interview is based on the information provided in the DAF. You will be asked numerous questions on specific aspects of your DAF that the panel found interesting.
Being honest is essential, but it is equally important to be smart. Include only those details that can be easily prepared from an interview point of view. Focus on adding things you are confident about and have thoroughly prepared. Not being able to answer something from your DAF can create a wrong impression.
If possible, consider filling out a rough DAF at the beginning of your UPSC preparation and then develop your hobbies and personality accordingly throughout the course of your preparation.
Even if something goes wrong during the interview, it is crucial to stay calm. Remember that everyone makes mistakes. Gather yourself, remain confident, and maintain a polite demeanor.

7. Developing Skills and Qualities

Read Newspapers: Develop a habit of reading newspapers daily. Focus on national, international, and regional news. Pay attention to editorials, opinion pieces, and articles related to governance, politics, economy, and social issues. You read the newspaper not only for knowledge but as a good habit building. Regularly visit government websites at the national, state, and local levels to stay updated on policy announcements, initiatives, reports, and official statements. Join study groups or discussion forums where aspirants and experts exchange knowledge and insights on current affairs. Engaging in meaningful discussions with fellow aspirants can enhance your understanding. Don't waste time listening to rants. Regularly practice answer writing on current affairs topics. This helps you develop a structured approach, improve your articulation skills, and reinforce your knowledge.
Improving writing and communication skills
Reading extensively exposes you to different writing styles, vocabulary, and ideas. Read a variety of materials such as books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles to improve your language skills and broaden your knowledge. Set aside time each day for writing practice. Start with short exercises like journaling, writing reflections, or summarizing articles. Gradually progress to longer pieces such as essays or opinion pieces. Focus on clarity, coherence, and grammar. Organize your thoughts before writing. Create an outline or mind map to establish a logical flow and structure for your writing. This helps convey your ideas effectively and ensures coherence in your written work. Develop your oral communication skills by seeking opportunities for public speaking. Join debate clubs, participate in group discussions, or deliver presentations. Practice articulating your thoughts clearly and engaging with your audience effectively.
Effective time management

1. Prioritize Tasks: Identify the most important and urgent tasks and prioritize them. Make a to-do list or use a planner to organize your tasks based on their importance and deadlines.
2. Set SMART Goals: Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals for your study sessions. Breaking down your goals into smaller, manageable tasks helps you stay focused and motivated.
3. Create a Study Schedule: Develop a study schedule that suits your preferences and aligns with your daily routine. Allocate specific time slots for different subjects, revision, and practice. Stick to the schedule as much as possible to maintain consistency.
4. Avoid Procrastination: Procrastination can lead to unnecessary stress and time pressure. Break tasks into smaller parts set deadlines, and practice self-discipline to avoid procrastinating. Start with the most challenging or important tasks to build momentum.
5. Minimize Distractions: Identify and minimize distractions during study hours. Turn off notifications on your phone or keep it away from your study area. Create a quiet and dedicated study space to help you concentrate better.
6. Use Productivity Techniques: Explore productivity techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, where you work for a set time (e.g., 25 minutes) and take short breaks in between. This helps maintain focus and improves productivity.

Stress management techniques

1. Practice Relaxation Techniques: Engage in relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to calm your mind and reduce stress. Regular practice helps manage anxiety and promotes overall well-being.
2. Take Breaks: Give yourself regular breaks during study sessions. Short breaks can help refresh your mind, improve focus, and prevent burnout. Use these breaks to engage in activities you enjoy or to stretch and relax.
3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Prioritize your physical and mental well-being. Get enough sleep, eat nutritious meals, and exercise regularly. Taking care of your body and mind helps you manage stress better.
4. Seek Support: Reach out to friends, family, or fellow aspirants for support. Discuss your concerns, share your experiences, and seek advice when needed. Joining study groups or online communities can provide a support network.
5. Stay Positive and Motivated: Maintain a positive mindset and stay motivated throughout your preparation. Celebrate small victories, remind yourself of your goals, and focus on your progress. Surround yourself with positive influences and motivational resources.

8. Additional Preparation Resources

Pros of Coaching institutes

1. Structured Guidance: Coaching institutes provide a structured approach to preparation. They offer a well-defined curriculum, study materials, and a schedule that can help aspirants stay organized and focused.
2. Experienced Faculty: Coaching institutes often have experienced faculty members who are well-versed in the UPSC exam pattern and syllabus. They can provide valuable insights, tips, and strategies to tackle different subjects and stages of the exam.
3. Peer Learning and Competition: Joining a coaching institute allows you to interact with like-minded aspirants. Group discussions, mock tests, and peer interactions can create a competitive environment that motivates and challenges you to improve your performance.
4. Test Series and Mock Exams: Coaching institutes usually conduct regular test series and mock exams, which help in assessing your preparation level and identifying areas that need improvement. These simulated exams also provide a real exam-like experience and help you develop exam-taking skills.
5. Personalized Guidance and Doubt Clearing: Many coaching institutes offer personalized guidance and doubt-clearing sessions. You can seek clarification on difficult topics, get feedback on your performance, and receive guidance on exam strategy from expert mentors.

Cons of Coaching Institutes:

1. Cost: Joining a coaching institute can be expensive. Tuition fees, study materials, and other expenses can put a strain on your budget. It is essential to consider the financial aspect before enrolling in a coaching institute. These days online resources can be pretty useful. It requires more digging and some unethical means.
2. Time Constraints: Coaching classes have fixed schedules, and you may need to adjust your daily routine accordingly. This can be challenging for working professionals or individuals with other commitments.
3. Teaching Style and Compatibility: The teaching style of the faculty and the institute's approach may not always match your learning preferences. Some individuals may find it difficult to adapt to the teaching methods used in coaching institutes.
4. Dependency: Over-reliance on coaching institutes can sometimes hinder self-study and independent thinking. It is important to strike a balance between self-study and coaching institute guidance to develop a holistic understanding of the subjects.
5. Quality Variation: The quality of coaching institutes can vary. While some institutes have highly qualified and experienced faculty, others may not meet the same standards. It is crucial to research and choose reputable institutes with a proven track record.

Ultimately, the decision to join a coaching institute for UPSC CSE preparation depends on your individual learning style, financial capacity, and availability of time. It is possible to crack the exam without coaching, but if you believe that structured guidance, peer learning, and personalized support would benefit you, joining a coaching institute can be a viable option.
Here are some popular institutes:

1. Vajiram and Ravi is a reputed offline coaching institute that also offers online courses for UPSC CSE preparation. Their online platform provides video lectures, study materials, and test series.
2. IASbaba is an online platform that offers a range of free and paid courses for UPSC CSE preparation. It provides daily current affairs, study materials, test series, and guidance from experienced mentors.
3. ForumIAS is a popular online community for UPSC aspirants. It offers a platform for discussion, doubt-solving, and peer interaction. It also provides study materials, current affairs updates, and guidance from experts.
4. InsightsIAS is known for its comprehensive study materials, test series, and current affairs analysis. It provides free resources as well as paid courses for UPSC CSE preparation.
5. Vision IAS emphasizes current affairs preparation, considering its significance in the UPSC CSE. They provide monthly magazines, daily news analyses, and other resources to help aspirants stay updated on current events.

Popular Individual faculty for UPSC CSE preparation
Mr. Mrunal Patel [Economy]
Mr. Pratik Nayak [History]
Mr Siddharth Arora [Polity]
Mr Anudeep Durishetty [Essay]
Mr Praveen Kishore [sociology]
More on this later.
Self-Motivation and Discipline
Self-study requires self-motivation and discipline. It helps you cultivate these essential qualities, which are crucial for success in the exam. By setting goals, managing your time effectively, and staying focused, you develop a strong work ethic that prepares you for the challenges ahead. When you engage in self-study, you have the opportunity to dive deep into concepts and develop a thorough understanding. You can spend more time on complex topics, explore different resources, and seek clarification when needed. This promotes a strong foundation of knowledge and enhances your conceptual clarity. Regular self-evaluation allows you to assess your progress, identify areas of improvement, and fine-tune your study approach.

9. Exam-Day Strategies and Tips

Dos on the day of the exam

1. Get a good night's sleep
2. Eat a healthy breakfast
3. Arrive early at the exam center
4. Carry essential documents
5. Stay calm and positive
6. Read instructions carefully

Don'ts on the day of the exam:

1. Don't study new topics
2. Don't discuss the exam with others
3. Don't panic over difficult questions
4. Don't rush through the exam
5. Don't carry prohibited items
6. Don't compare yourself to others

Time management during the exam
Quickly skim through the entire question paper to get an overview of the questions and their difficulty level. This will help you prioritize and allocate time accordingly.
Divide the available time among different sections based on their weightage and your comfort level. Allocate more time to sections that carry more marks or where you are stronger.
Assign specific time limits to each question or set of questions based on their complexity and marks. This will help you stay on track and avoid spending too much time on a single question.
If you encounter a particularly difficult question or one that is taking up too much time, it's okay to skip it and come back to it later if you have time remaining. Focus on answering the questions you can handle efficiently first.
There are breaks scheduled during the exam, use them wisely. Take a quick mental and physical break, but avoid engaging in lengthy discussions or distractions that may consume precious time.
Dealing with exam anxiety and stress
One of the best ways to alleviate exam anxiety is to be well-prepared. Maintain a consistent study routine, cover the syllabus comprehensively, and revise thoroughly. Confidence in your preparation can significantly reduce anxiety. Break it down: Rather than getting overwhelmed by the entire syllabus, break it down into smaller, manageable portions. Create a study plan and set realistic goals for each study session. Focusing on one topic at a time can help reduce anxiety. Deep breathing exercises, meditation, yoga, or listening to calming music can help you relax and reduce anxiety levels. Ensure you prioritize self-care. Get enough sleep, eat nutritious meals, and engage in physical activity. A healthy body and mind can better handle stress and anxiety. Develop a study schedule that allows for regular breaks and leisure activities. Effective time management can help reduce the pressure of last-minute cramming and provide a better balance in your routine.

10. Post-Exam and Result Analysis

Preliminary Exam Result: After the UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam, the result is usually declared within a few weeks. The result is published on the official UPSC website. It includes a list of candidates who have qualified for the Main Exam based on the cutoff marks set by the UPSC.
Main Exam Result: Once the Main Exam is conducted, the result is declared after a few months. The result is published on the UPSC website and includes the roll numbers of candidates who have qualified for the next stage, which is the Interview or Personality Test.
Final Result: The final result is declared after the completion of the Interview/Personality Test. It includes the names and ranks of candidates who have successfully cleared all the stages of the exam. The final result is published on the UPSC website and may also be published in leading newspapers.
Merit List: The final result is based on the total marks obtained by candidates in the Main Exam and the Interview/Personality Test. A merit list is prepared based on the overall performance, and candidates are ranked accordingly. The allotment of services is done based on the candidate's rank and preference.
Analyzing performance and identifying areas for improvement
Start by reviewing your exam scores and marks obtained in each section. Identify the areas where you performed well and areas where you struggled or scored lower. This will give you an initial understanding of your strengths and weaknesses. Based on your analysis, create a study plan that addresses your weak areas while also reinforcing your strengths. Allocate more time and effort to topics or subjects that need improvement. Break down your study plan into smaller, achievable targets to ensure consistent progress.
Strategies for preparing for subsequent attempts
Analyze your strengths and weaknesses, and use this self-assessment as a foundation for your subsequent preparation. Based on your analysis, pinpoint the subjects, topics, or specific areas where you need improvement. It could be conceptual understanding, answer writing, time management, or current affairs. Prioritize these areas and develop a targeted strategy to enhance your knowledge and skills. Reinforce your foundational knowledge by revisiting the basic concepts and fundamentals of each subject. Assess your time management skills and identify areas where you can improve. Consult mentors, teachers, or successful candidates who can provide guidance and valuable insights. Take care of your physical and mental well-being.

11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is coaching necessary for UPSC CSE preparation? Coaching is not mandatory, but it can provide structured guidance, study materials, and mock tests. It can be helpful, especially for those who require additional support or prefer a classroom learning environment. However, self-study with the right resources and self-discipline can also lead to success.
What are the best books for UPSC CSE preparation? The choice of books may vary depending on the subject and individual preferences. Some popular books for UPSC CSE include NCERT textbooks, standard reference books by authors like Laxmikanth, M. Laxmikanth, Ramesh Singh, and Bipan Chandra, and newspapers like The Hindu for current affairs.
Can working professionals prepare for UPSC CSE? Yes, working professionals can prepare for UPSC CSE by managing their time effectively, creating a study plan, and dedicating focused hours to preparation. Utilize weekends, early mornings, and evenings for study. Balance work commitments with consistent preparation.

Clarifying misconceptions and providing guidance

Misconception: Only candidates from prestigious educational backgrounds can crack UPSC CSE. → UPSC CSE is open to candidates from diverse educational backgrounds. It is the knowledge, aptitude, and dedication that matter more than the educational institution. With the right strategy, study materials, and consistent effort, anyone can succeed in the exam.
Misconception: UPSC CSE can be cleared on the first attempt without much preparation. → UPSC CSE is a highly competitive exam that requires thorough preparation and dedication. While a few exceptional candidates may clear it on their first attempt, most aspirants require multiple attempts. Developing a long-term preparation strategy and consistent effort is key to success.
Misconception: Coaching institutes guarantee success in UPSC CSE. → Coaching institutes can provide guidance, study materials, and mock tests, but they do not guarantee success. Success in UPSC CSE depends on individual effort, self-study, and consistent practice. Many candidates have cleared the exam without formal coaching. It's important to choose the right resources and adopt a disciplined approach to self-study.
Misconception: Memorizing information is enough for UPSC CSE. → UPSC CSE tests conceptual understanding, analytical abilities, and application of knowledge. Mere memorization of facts and information is not enough. Focus on understanding concepts, connecting topics, and developing critical thinking skills. Practice answer writing and analyze previous years' question papers to enhance your application-based approach.
Misconception: Studying for long hours guarantees success. → Study hours alone do not determine success. Quality of study matters more than quantity. Focus on effective time management, breaking down topics into manageable chunks, and setting realistic goals. Take regular breaks, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and prioritize self-care to ensure sustained productivity.
Misconception: English proficiency is mandatory for UPSC CSE. → While UPSC CSE is conducted in English and Hindi, candidates do not need exceptional fluency in English. Basic proficiency in English is sufficient to understand and communicate effectively. Focus on improving language skills through reading, writing, and practicing answer writing.
Misconception: The optional subject is the key to success in UPSC CSE. → The optional subject plays a significant role in the Main Examination, but it is not the sole determinant of success. A well-rounded preparation, including General Studies papers, current affairs, and essay writing, is equally important. Choose the optional subject based on your interest, aptitude, and availability of study materials.
Misconception: UPSC CSE is all about hard work, and luck plays no role. → Hard work is essential for UPSC CSE, but luck can also play a role in certain aspects like question patterns, options in multiple-choice questions, etc. However, luck alone cannot guarantee success. Focus on consistent effort, smart preparation, and improving your skills and knowledge to maximize your chances of success.

12. Conclusion

We have covered a wide range of topics related to UPSC CSE preparation. We discussed the importance of this exam and its eligibility criteria, exam stages, and services offered. We explored various strategies for exam preparation, including recommended books, note-making techniques, and time management. We also delved into specific subjects, optional subject selection, and interview processes. Furthermore, we addressed common queries, clarified misconceptions, and provided guidance. Throughout the discussion, we emphasized the significance of self-study, self-evaluation, and continuous improvement. We highlighted the value of mock tests, previous years' question papers, and analyzing performance. Lastly, we discussed the importance of motivation, encouragement, and perseverance on this challenging yet rewarding journey. Remember, with dedication, strategic planning, and the right mindset, you can overcome obstacles and achieve success in UPSC CSE. Good luck!
Encouragement and motivation for sticklers
Some motivational movies centered around society and its betterment. You should watch it when you have time :)
Dead Poets Society, Remember the Titans, The Pursuit of Happyness, October Sky, Hidden Figures, A Beautiful Mind, Freedom Writers, The Blind Side, Gandhi, Invictus, Freedom Writers, The Help 2011, The Great Debaters, The Pursuit of Equality, Milk 2008, Selma, Norma Rae, Kaala 2018, Peranbu, Mahatma, Drishyam, Swades, Rang De Basanti and many more.
"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." - Eleanor Roosevelt

White, South Asian and East Asian students in Toronto seem to be a problem for Canada’s largest public school board. They crowd the merit-based specialty education programs offered by the district.
The response from the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) to this overrepresentation has been to axe merit-based admissions and opt for a semi-random lottery system that discriminates based on race. Now, one-fifth of seats in Toronto’s public specialty programs) are reserved for Black, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Indigenous students.
Of TDSB’s 230,000-or-so students, at least some have been denied education opportunities due to their race, which would have been unthinkable in Canada 10 years ago. It should be unthinkable now, but between the rise of formal diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) and the general disinterest the public has in education, it’s creeped its way in.
The school board says research and consultations back up their racial sorting project, but it’s hard to rely on a district whose researchers can’t be relied on to produce legitimate work. Among the meeting materials for this recent committee meeting was an “academic” literature review by TDSB that supposedly supported the lottery program with data; this review was in fact plagiarized and many citations were found to be fake (the TDSB’s researcher was later fired). Evidence-based policy indeed.
A parents group has asked Ontario’s education minister, Stephen Lecce, to review TDSB’s governance in accordance with a provincial regulatory provision; I asked his office about whether it would proceed with such a review, and the answer appears to be “no.”
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jamie-sarkonak-toronto-school-board-shuns-merit-in-the-name-of-equity

White, South Asian and East Asian students in Toronto seem to be a problem for Canada’s largest public school board. They crowd the merit-based specialty education programs offered by the district.
The response from the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) to this overrepresentation has been to axe merit-based admissions and opt for a semi-random lottery system that discriminates based on race. Now, one-fifth of seats in Toronto’s public specialty programs) are reserved for Black, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Indigenous students.
Of TDSB’s 230,000-or-so students, at least some have been denied education opportunities due to their race, which would have been unthinkable in Canada 10 years ago. It should be unthinkable now, but between the rise of formal diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) and the general disinterest the public has in education, it’s creeped its way in.
TDSB trustees seem to frame their school lottery system as a force to combat entrenched elitism. But the parents argued otherwise. Elite families will always be able to obtain private lessons and schooling for their children, but working- and middle-class families have to rely on the public system’s offerings. In the old way, smart and talented children had a way into specialized programs if they worked hard; now, they don’t.
The school board says research and consultations back up their racial sorting project, but it’s hard to rely on a district whose researchers can’t be relied on to produce legitimate work. Among the meeting materials for this recent committee meeting was an “academic” literature review by TDSB that supposedly supported the lottery program with data; this review was in fact plagiarized and many citations were found to be fake (the TDSB’s researcher was later fired). Evidence-based policy indeed.
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jamie-sarkonak-toronto-school-board-shuns-merit-in-the-name-of-equity

White, South Asian and East Asian students in Toronto seem to be a problem for Canada’s largest public school board. They crowd the merit-based specialty education programs offered by the district.
The response from the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) to this overrepresentation has been to axe merit-based admissions and opt for a semi-random lottery system that discriminates based on race. Now, one-fifth of seats in Toronto’s public specialty programs) are reserved for Black, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Indigenous students.
Of TDSB’s 230,000-or-so students, at least some have been denied education opportunities due to their race, which would have been unthinkable in Canada 10 years ago. It should be unthinkable now, but between the rise of formal diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) and the general disinterest the public has in education, it’s creeped its way in.
TDSB trustees seem to frame their school lottery system as a force to combat entrenched elitism. But the parents argued otherwise. Elite families will always be able to obtain private lessons and schooling for their children, but working- and middle-class families have to rely on the public system’s offerings. In the old way, smart and talented children had a way into specialized programs if they worked hard; now, they don’t.
The school board says research and consultations back up their racial sorting project, but it’s hard to rely on a district whose researchers can’t be relied on to produce legitimate work. Among the meeting materials for this recent committee meeting was an “academic” literature review by TDSB that supposedly supported the lottery program with data; this review was in fact plagiarized and many citations were found to be fake (the TDSB’s researcher was later fired). Evidence-based policy indeed.
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jamie-sarkonak-toronto-school-board-shuns-merit-in-the-name-of-equity

There is this latest tweet on Quai Network page, Why does decentralization matter to you? Well, the question has come at an opportune time. Standard Chartered, in collaboration with PwC China, have co-published a white paper on Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). The paper emphasizes that programmable CBDCs could significantly boost trade and supply chain transactions across the globe. I’ll give a brief introduction on programmable CBDCs (mind you, not just CBDCs), they are digital currencies incorporating embedded programmable features. These programmable features can enable potential control over your transactions and lead to increased surveillance and control.
As in the case of WeChat App in China, authorities can track and monitor transactions, impose restrictions if they want to, dictate your compliance and curtail individual financial autonomy-complete antithesis of decentralization. If programmable CBDCs were not enough there is a suggestion for “programmable banking services” in the report.
This is the exact reason why decentralization is important for privacy rights, personal liberties, and a safety shield from the potential for abuse of power. What does the community think, any merit for distinction between CBDCs and programmable CBDCs or both are to be equally avoided? and OfCourse, why does decentralization matter to you?

The Hoax Story of Remarkable Testimony of a Buddhist monk in Myanmar (Burma) who came back to life a changed man!
Introduction The story that follows is simply a translation of a taped testimony from a man with a life-changing story. It is not an interview or a biography, but simply the words from the man himself. Different people react in different ways when they hear this story. Some are inspired, some skeptical, a few will mock and ridicule, while some others have even been filled with rage and anger, convinced these words are the ravings of a mad man or an elaborate deception. Some Christians have opposed the story simply because the radical and miraculous events described herein do not fit their feeble image of an Almighty God.
We were first made aware of this story from several Burmese church leaders who shared it with us. These leaders had looked into the story and had not found any suggestion of it being a hoax. It was with this in mind that we decided to step out and circulate the story. We do not do so for any monetary gain, or with a motivation of self-promotion. We just want to let the story speak for itself, and invite Christian believers to judge it according to Scripture. If God wants any part of it to be intended for His glory or to encourage His people, then we pray His Spirit will work in the hearts of the readers in those ways.
Some people have told us they think the monk in this story never actually died, but that he just lapsed into unconsciousness, and the things he saw and heard were part of a fever-driven hallucination. Whatever you think, the simple fact remains that the events of this story so radically transformed this man that his life took on a complete 180-degree shift after the events described below. He has fearlessly and boldly told his story at great personal cost, including imprisonment. He has been scorned by his relatives, friends and colleagues, and faced death threats for his unwillingness to compromise his message. What motivated this man to be willing to risk everything? Whether we believe him or not, his story is surely worth listening to and considering. In the cynical West many people demand hard evidence of such things, evidence that would stand up in a court of law. Can we absolutely guarantee, beyond doubt, that all of these things happened? No, we cannot. But we feel it is worth repeating this man's story in his own words so that readers can judge for themselves.
My Early Years Hello! My name is Athet Pyan Shinthaw Paulu. I am from the country of Myanmar. I would like to share with you my testimony of what happened to me, but first I would like to give some brief background information from my life growing up.
I was born in 1958 in the town of Bogale, on the Irrawaddy Delta area of southern Myanmar [formerly Burma]. My parents, who were devout Buddhists like most people in Myanmar, named me Thitpin [which means 'tree' in English]. Our lives were very simple where I grew up. At the age of 13 I left school and started working on a fishing boat. We caught fish and sometimes also shrimp from the numerous rivers and streams in the Irrawaddy area. At the age of 16 I became the leader of the boat. At this time I lived in Upper Mainmahlagyon Island [Mainmahlagyon means 'Beautiful Woman Island' in English], just north of Bogale where I was born. This place is about 100 miles southwest of Yangon [Rangoon], our nation's capitol city.
One day, when I was 17, we caught a large number of fish in our nets. Because of the many fish, a large crocodile was attracted to us. It followed our boat and tried to attack us. We were terrified so we frantically rowed our boats toward the riverbank as fast as we could. The crocodile followed us and smashed our boat with its tail. Although no one died in this incident, the attack greatly affected my life. I no longer wanted to fish. Our small boat sank because of the crocodile attack. We had to go home to our village that night on a passenger boat.
Not long after, his employers transferred my father to Yangon City [formerly spelt Rangoon]. At the age of 18 I was sent to a Buddhist monastery to be a novice monk. Most parents in Myanmar try to send their son into a Buddhist monastery, at least for a time, as it is considered a great honor to have a son serve in this way. We have been observing this custom for many hundreds of years.
​
A Zealous Disciple of Buddha When I turned 19 years and 3 months old (in 1977), I became a normal monk. The senior monk at my monastery gave me a new Buddhist name, which is the custom in our country. I was now called U Nata Pannita Ashinthuriya. When we become a monk we no longer use the name given to us at birth by our parents. The name of the monastery I lived at is called Mandalay Kyaikasan Kyaing. The senior monk's name was called U Zadila Kyar Ni Kan Sayadaw [U Zadila is his title]. He was the most famous Buddhist monk in all of Myanmar at the time. Everyone knew who he was. He was widely honored by the people and respected as a great teacher. I say he "was" because in 1983 he suddenly died when he was involved in a fatal car accident. His death shocked everyone. At the time I had been a monk for six years.
I tried hard to be the best monk I could and to follow all the precepts of Buddhism. At one stage I moved to a cemetery where I lived and meditated continually. Some monks who really want to know the truths of Buddha do things like I did. Some move deep into the forests where they live a life of self-denial and poverty. I sought to deny my selfish thoughts and desires, to escape from sickness and suffering and to break free from the cycle of this world. At the cemetery I was not afraid of ghosts. I tried to attain such inner peace and self-realization that even when a mosquito landed on my arm I would let it bite me instead of brushing it off!
For years I strived to be the best monk I could and not to harm any living being. I studied the holy Buddhist teachings just like all my forefathers had done before me.
My life proceeded as a monk until I got very, very sick. I was in Mandalay at the time and had to be taken to the hospital for treatment. The doctors did some tests on me and told me I had both Yellow Fever and malaria at the same time! After about one month in the hospital I was getting worse. The doctors told me there was no chance for me to recover and discharged me to make arrangements to die.
This is a brief description of my past. I would now like to tell you some of the remarkable things that happened to me after this times...
​
A Vision that Changed My Life Forever After I was discharged from the hospital I went back to the monastery where other monks cared for me. I grew weaker and weaker and was lapsing into unconsciousness. I learned later that I actually died for three days. My body decayed and stunk of death, and my heart stopped beating. My body was prepared for cremation and was put through traditional Buddhist purification rites.
Although I faded away in my body I remember my mind and spirit were fully alert. I was in a very, very powerful storm. A tremendous wind flattened the whole landscape until there were no trees or anything else standing, just a flat plain. I walked very fast along this plain for some time. There were no other people anywhere, I was all alone. After some time I crossed a river. On the other side of the river I saw a terrible, terrible lake of fire. In Buddhism we do not have a concept of a place like this. At first I was confused and didn't know it was hell until I saw Yama, the king of hell [Yama is the name ascribed to the King of Hell in numerous cultures throughout Asia]. His face looked like the face of a lion, his body was like a lion, but his legs were like a naga [serpent spirit]. He had a number of horns on his head. His face was very fierce, and I was extremely afraid. Trembling, I asked him his name. He replied, "I am the king of hell, the Destroyer."
The terrible, terrible lake of fire The king of hell told me to look into the lake of fire. I looked and I saw the saffron colored robes that Buddhist monks wear in Myanmar. I looked closer and saw the shaven head of a man. When I looked at the man's face I saw it was U Zadila Kyar Ni Kan Sayadaw [the famous monk who had died in a car accident in 1983]. I asked the king of hell why my former leader was confined to this lake of torment. I said, "Why is he in this lake of fire? He was a very good teacher. He even had a teaching tape called 'Are You a Man or a Dog?' which had helped thousands of people understand that their worth as humans is far greater than the animals." The king of hell replied, "Yes, he was a good teacher but he did not believe in Jesus Christ. That's why he is in hell."
I was told to look at another person who was in the fire. I saw a man with very long hair wrapped on the left hand side of his head. He was also wearing a robe. I asked the king of hell, "Who is this man?" He replied, "This is the one you worship: Gautama [Buddha]."
I was very disturbed to see Gautama in hell. I protested, "Gautama had good ethnics and good moral character, why is he suffering in this lake of fire?" The king of hell answered me, "It doesn't matter how good he was. He is in this place because he did not believe in the Eternal God."
I then saw another man who looked like he was wearing a soldier's uniform. He had a large wound on his chest. I asked, "Who is this man?" The king of hell said, "This is Aung San, the revolutionary leader of Myanmar." I was told, "Aung San is here because he persecuted and killed Christians, but mostly because he didn't believe in Jesus Christ." In Myanmar the people have a common saying, "Soldiers never die, they live on." I was told that the legions of hell have a saying "Soldiers never die, but they go to hell forever."
I looked and saw another man in the lake of fire. He was a very tall man and he was dressed in military armor. He was also holding a sword and a shield. This man had a wound on his forehead. This man was taller than any person I have ever seen. He was six times the length between a man's elbow and the tips of his fingers when he stretches his arm out straight, plus one span of a man's fingers when he spreads out his hand. The king of hell said, "This man's name is Goliath. He is in hell because he blasphemed the Eternal God and His servant David." I was confused because I didn't know who either Goliath or David were. The king of hell said, "Goliath is recorded in the Christian Bible. You don't know him now, but when you become a Christian you will know who he is."
​
I was then taken to a place where I saw both rich and poor people preparing to eat their evening meals. I asked, "Who cooked the food for these people?" The king of hell replied, "The poor have to prepare their own food, but the rich people get others to cook for them." When the food had been prepared for the rich people they sat down to eat. As soon as they started a thick smoke came up. The rich people ate as fast as they could to ease their consciences. They were struggling to breath because of the smoke. They had to eat fast because they were fearful of losing their money. Their money is their god.
Another king of hell then came to me. I also saw a being whose job is to stoke the fires beneath the lake of fire, to keep it hot. This being asked me, "Are you going into the lake of fire too?" I replied, "No! I am only here to observe!" The appearance of this creature stoking the fire was very terrifying. He had ten horns on his head and a spear in his hand that had seven sharp blades coming from the end. The creature told me, "You are right. You came here just to observe. I cannot find your name here." He said, "You must now go back the way you came." He pointed me toward the desolate plain that I had first walked along before I came to the lake of fire.
The Road of Decision I walked a long time, until I was bleeding. I was hot and in great pain. Finally, after walking for about three hours I came to a wide road. I walked along this road for some time until I came to a fork. One road, going off to the left, was wide. A smaller road went off to the right hand side. There was a signpost at the fork saying that the road to the left was for those who do not believe in the Lord Jesus Christ. The smaller road to the right was for believers in Jesus.
I was interested to see where the larger road led so I started down it. There were two men walking about 300 yards ahead of me. I tried to catch up with them so I could walk with them but no matter how hard I tried I couldn't catch them up, so I turned around and went back to the fork in the road. I continued to watch these two men as they walked down the road away from me. When they reached the end of the road they were suddenly stabbed. These two men cried out in great pain! I also cried out when I saw what happened to them! I realized the bigger road ended in great danger for those who traveled down it.
Looking into Heaven I started walking down the believers' road instead. After traveling for about one hour the surface of the road turned to pure gold. It was so pure that when I looked down I could see my own reflection perfectly. I then saw a man standing in front of me. He was wearing a white robe. I also heard beautiful singing. Oh, it was so beautiful and pure! It was much better and more meaningful than the worship we have in churches here on the earth. The man in the white robe asked me to walk with him. I asked him, "What is your name?" but he did not answer. After I asked his name six times the man answered, "I am the one who holds the key to heaven. Heaven is a very, very beautiful place. You cannot go there now but if you follow Jesus Christ you can go there after your life has finished on the earth." The man's name was Peter.
Peter then asked me to sit down and he showed me a place to the north. Peter said, "Look to the north and see God create man." I saw the Eternal God from a distance. God spoke to an angel, "Let us make man." The angel pleaded with God and said, "Please don't make man. He will do wrong and will grieve you." [In Burmese literally: "He will make you lose face."]. But God created a man named anyway. God blew on the man and the man came to life. He gave him the name "Adam". [Note: Buddhists do not believe in the Creation of the world or of man, so this experience had a significant impact on the monk].
​
Sent Back with a New Name Then Peter said, "Now get up and go back to where you came from. Speak to the people who worship Buddha and who worship idols. Tell them they must go to hell if they don't change. Those who build temples and idols will also have to go to hell. Those who give offerings to the monks to earn merit for themselves with go to hell. All those who pray to the monks and call them 'Pra' [respectful title for monks] will go to hell. Those who chant and 'give life' to idols will go to hell. All those who don't believe in Jesus Christ will go to hell." Peter told me to go back to the earth and testify about the things I had seen. He also said, "You must speak in your new name. From now on you are to be called Athet Pyan Shinthaw Paulu ["Paul who Came Back to Life."].
I didn't want to go back. I wanted to go to heaven. Angels opened a book. First they looked for my childhood name (Thitpin) in the book, but they could not find it. They then looked for the name I had been given when he entered the Buddhist monk hood (U Nata Pannita Ashinthuriya) but it wasn't written in the book either. Then Peter said, "Your name is not written here, you must return and testify about Jesus to the Buddhist people."
I walked back along the gold road. Again I heard beautiful singing, the kind of which I have never heard before or since. Peter walked with me until the time I returned to the earth. He showed me a ladder that reached down from the heaven to the sky. The ladder didn't reach to the earth, but stopped in mid-air. On the ladder I saw many angels, some going up to heaven and some going down the ladder. They were very busy. I asked Peter, "Who are they?" Peter answered, "They are messengers of God. They are reporting to heaven the names of all those who believe in Jesus Christ and the names of those who don't believe." Peter then told me it was time to go back.
It is a Ghost! The next thing I was aware of was the sound of weeping. I heard my own mother cry out, "My son, why did you leave us now?" I also heard many other people weeping. I realized I was lying in a box. I started to move. My mother and father started shouting, "He is alive! He is alive!" Other people who were farther away did not believe my parents. I then placed my hands on the sides of the box and sat upright. Many people were struck with terror. They cried out, "It is a ghost!" and ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.
Those who remained were speechless and trembling. I noticed I was sitting in smelly liquid and body fluids, enough to fill about three and a half cups. This was liquid that had come out of my stomach and my insides while my body was lying in the coffin. This is why people knew I had indeed been dead. Inside the coffin there was a type of plastic sheet fixed to the wood. This sheet is placed there to retain a corpse's liquids, because many dead bodies release much fluid like mine did.
I learned later that I was just moments away from being cremated in the flames. In Myanmar people are placed in a coffin, the lid is then nailed shut, and the whole coffin is burned. When I came back to life my mother and father were being allowed to look at my body for the very last time. Moments later the lid of my coffin would have been nailed shut and I would have been cremated!
I immediately started to explain the things I had seen and heard. People were astonished. I told them about the men I had seen in the lake of fire, and told them that only the Christians know the truth, that our forefathers and us have been deceived for thousands of years! I told them everything we believe is a lie. The people were astonished because they knew what kind of a monk I had been and how zealous I had been for the teachings of Buddha.
In Myanmar when a person dies their name and age is written on the side of the coffin. When a monk dies, the monk's name, age and the number of years he has served as a monk are written on the side of the coffin. I had already been recorded as dead but as you can see, now I am alive!
Epilogue Since 'Paul who came back to life' experienced the above story he has remained a faithful witness to the Lord Jesus Christ. Burmese pastors have told us that he had led hundreds of other monks to faith in Christ. His testimony is obviously very uncompromising. Because of that, his message has offended many people who cannot accept there is only one Way to Heaven, the Lord Jesus Christ. Despite great opposition, his experiences were so real to him that he has not wavered. After many years in the Buddhist monk hood, as a strict follower of Buddhist teachings, he immediately proclaimed the Gospel of Christ following his resurrection and exhorted other monks to forsake all false gods and follow Jesus Christ with all their hearts. Before the time of his sickness and death he had no exposure to Christianity at all. Everything he learned during those three days in the grave was new to his mind.
In a bid to get his message out to as many people as possible, this modern-day Lazarus began distributing audio and video cassette tapes with his story on them. The police and Buddhist authorities in Myanmar have done their utmost to gather these tapes up and destroy them. The testimony you have just read has been translated form one of those cassette tapes. We are told it is now quite dangerous for citizens of Myanmar to be in possession of these tapes.
His fearless testimony has landed him in prison at least once, where the authorities failed in their bid to silence him. Upon his release he continued to testify of the things he saw and heard. His current whereabouts are uncertain. One Burmese informant told us he is prison and may have been killed, while another informant was told he is now released from prison and is continuing his ministry.
Translated by: Asian Minorities Outreach P.O.Box 901 Palestine, TX 75802 U.S.A. E-Mail: monkst... u/yahoo.com Website: http://www.antioch.com.sg/mission/asianmo
________________________
Dear Triplegem Members, The following message was posted to the NDE.com Website by someone called 'James' on 23rd July, 2000. (NDE = Near Death Experience). The Monk's story is identical. But the source is different. Details can be viewed at
<>
The message began with: "Buddhist Monk visits Hell" I believe this person died, body decay & rotten. He was then brought to those places by the LORD to show him some vision. <-------
This is taken from a mission paper "Northside Missions Update" Northside Christian Centre 31-61 McLeans Road Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
The same 'Monk's Story' followed. Then, exchange of interesting messages took place at the NDE.com Bulletin Board among NDE regulars, some of them are Christians, and finally, someone called 'Melvin', 'a Myanmar Buddhist', posted the following message and the discussion came to a close.
The fact that the same story has re-surfaced in another form (cassette), perhaps in a another country is a bit disturbing!
Best wishes to all our Triplegem members, MM Lwin
...................................................................

To whom it may concern,
Herein lies a contract, pre-signed, including the terms, conditions, and all relevant information regarding the love, support, and value offered by one MorphogeneticSorrow_. Herein also lies a co-signature line for whomsoever deems said contract worthy of their signature.
Terms and Conditions:
-The initial signer indicates that they are an AMAB Non-Binary Individual with They/She pronouns.
-Although this post is marked “4F” it is mostly to deter men who can’t read. The co-signer may fall into the category of F, TF, or AFAB Non-Binary; all are acceptable.
-The initial signer indicates that they are from the Eastern Standard time zone, but that the co-signer may retain the right to originate from any other time zone.
-The co-signer agrees that they have ample time to devote to communication, either textual, verbal, or both. Verbal is preferred but not required at first, although the initial-signer has been told, on record, that their voice is very soothing and nice.
-The initial signer indicates that they are not without flaw, are victim to numerous debilitating mental health issues, and understands that that is not for everyone. The co-signer indicates that they are okay with this and can handle the requisite reassurance and comfort required by said conditions.
This position comes with benefits that are not without merit. Entitlements of this contract are listed as follows in no particular order:

The co-signer is entitled to all love, affection, and care the initial signer is capable of providing.
The co-signer is entitled to gratuitous feline images of the utmost adorable variety.
The co-signer is entitled to either join the initial signer for video games, or to watch along and chat while the initial signer plays if that is their preference.
The co-signer is entitled to lots of movie nights and/or show binges.
The co-signer is entitled to the semi-professional quality cooking of the initial signer.
The co-signer is entitled to as much of the initial signer’s free time as they would like.
The co-signer is entitled to Tarot readings performed by the initial signer.
The co-signer is further entitled to anything agreed upon by the two at a later date.

This contract of course comes with a series of failsafes in place to protect both the initial and co-signers. The contract is singular and binding, meaning no co-signature is to be made until agreed upon by both parties. However, there is a “trial” period wherein the co-signer is entitled to all the benefits listed herein until they are certain beyond a shadow of a doubt that they wish to sign the contract. If interested, please contact the initial signer via Direct Message or the Chat functionality upon the Reddit website or mobile application.
Signatures:
X MorphogeneticSorrow_
X__________________ Date:________

To whom it may concern,
Herein lies a contract, pre-signed, including the terms, conditions, and all relevant information regarding the love, support, and value offered by one MorphogeneticSorrow_. Herein also lies a co-signature line for whomsoever deems said contract worthy of their signature.
Terms and Conditions:
-The initial signer indicates that they are an AMAB Non-Binary Individual with They/She pronouns.
-Although this post is marked “4F” it is mostly to deter men who can’t read. The co-signer may fall into the category of F, TF, or AFAB Non-Binary; all are acceptable.
-The initial signer indicates that they are from the Eastern Standard time zone, but that the co-signer may retain the right to originate from any other time zone.
-The co-signer agrees that they have ample time to devote to communication, either textual, verbal, or both. Verbal is preferred but not required at first, although the initial-signer has been told, on record, that their voice is very soothing and nice.
-The initial signer indicates that they are not without flaw, are victim to numerous debilitating mental health issues, and understands that that is not for everyone. The co-signer indicates that they are okay with this and can handle the requisite reassurance and comfort required by said conditions.
This position comes with benefits that are not without merit. Entitlements of this contract are listed as follows in no particular order:

The co-signer is entitled to all love, affection, and care the initial signer is capable of providing.
The co-signer is entitled to gratuitous feline images of the utmost adorable variety.
The co-signer is entitled to either join the initial signer for video games, or to watch along and chat while the initial signer plays if that is their preference.
The co-signer is entitled to lots of movie nights and/or show binges.
The co-signer is entitled to the semi-professional quality cooking of the initial signer.
The co-signer is entitled to as much of the initial signer’s free time as they would like.
The co-signer is entitled to Tarot readings performed by the initial signer.
The co-signer is further entitled to anything agreed upon by the two at a later date.

This contract of course comes with a series of failsafes in place to protect both the initial and co-signers. The contract is singular and binding, meaning no co-signature is to be made until agreed upon by both parties. However, there is a “trial” period wherein the co-signer is entitled to all the benefits listed herein until they are certain beyond a shadow of a doubt that they wish to sign the contract. If interested, please contact the initial signer via Direct Message or the Chat functionality upon the Reddit website or mobile application.
Signatures:
X MorphogeneticSorrow_
X__________________ Date:________

[Latest update: 6th of Jun, 19:39 CET]
Ladiiiiiiiiiies and gentlemen,

IT'S ROBOT FIGHTIN' TIME!

With Season 7 finishing airing recently, it's about time we looked ahead and see what's cooking for the next season. We’ve already seen quite a bit of info circulate regarding the new World Championship, so it is about time to start up our traditional central hub where we can collect all the info floating around on the interwebs.
The rulebook, competitors, tournament setup - this is the main hub for all the things you want or need to know. If you have found any good info yourself, please leave it in the comment section along with a source, so we can update this post.
Here’s what we know so far:
>>COMPETITORS (! = latest addition)
The participation of these teams in Season 8 was confirmed by either the show, a media outlet, sponsor, or the team itself.

• Nothing here yet but the Hype Train. Choochoo folks!

>Confirmed to have applied
The completed application of these teams was confirmed by either the show, a media outlet, or the team itself.

• "Disarray" - Team 23037
• "Maharana" - Team XENON (IND
• "Manta" - Team Tanto
• "Max Q" - North Street Labs
• "Monsoon" - Team Monsoon (UK)
• "OgreKill" -Team All Star (UK)
• "Orbitron" - Team Orbitron
• "Orion" - Team MAD (UK)
• "Roundhouse" - Team RoboGym
• "Slammo" - Team Danby
• "Subatomic" - Team Bots 'n Stuff
• "Switchback" - Team Midnight Invention
• "Terrortops" - Team Terrortops
• "The Twins" - Seems Reasonable Robotics

>Intending To Apply
This means the team hasn’t actually confirmed application yet, but has shown clear intent through one of their own social media channels.

• ! "Black Dragon" - Team Uai!rrior (BRA)
• "Blacksmith" - Team Half Fast Astronaut
• "Copperhead" - Team Caustic Creations
• "DeathRoll" - Team DeathRoll (AUS)
• ! "Glitch" - Team Combat Robotics at Berkeley
• "HUGE" - Team Huge
• ! "Malice" - Team Malice
• "Minotaur" - Team RioBotz (BRA)
• ! "Quantum" - Team RoboChallenge (UK)
• "Ribbot" - Team Ribbot
• "SawBlaze" - Team SawBlaze
• ! "Skorpios" - Team Bot Bash
• "Witch Doctor" - Team Witch Doctor

>Rumored
Anything here comes with a grain of salt.

• ! "Bloodsport" - Team Bots 'n Stuff
• ! "HiJinx" - Team Offbeat Robotics
• ! "Triton" - Team Overboard
• ! "Valkyrie" - Team Questionable Designs

>Did Not Enter / Did Not Qualify / Dropped Out
Teams that won’t make it for one reason or another will go here.
>>APPLICATIONS
Applications are open. Read through this document to see what the show is looking for.
>>TOURNAMENT
Anything in terms of tournament setup (including rules and regulations) goes here.
In terms of building and judging rules, here’s what to expect:

• 2022 Battlebots Design Rulebook
• 2022 Tournament Rules
• 2022 Judges Guide

>>FILMING & AIRING
Anything pertaining to the filming and broadcast of Season 8 will go here.
In terms of location, the new season is likely to be filmed in Battlebots' Arena in Las Vegas. Filming usually takes place over the course of around 2 weeks, somewhere around September-October. Last year, Season 7 was filmed in the final 2 weeks of October.
>>NEWS ARTICLES

• Any news articles related to the new seasons go here

Feel free to add fresh, juicy new info in the comments - this post will be edited as new stuff comes in. Make sure to supply a source to prevent misinformation - information without credible source will be treated as a rumor.