And, if you don’t want to go through the work of defrosting your bread, you can also stick it in the fridge.
Bread left in the fridge might appear stale. But, explains Myhrvold, that’s not due to a lack of moisture — refrigerated bread seems hard because of starch retrogradation, or the re-crystallization of the starch in the bread. “It [the bread] will seem stiffer and we associate stiffness, or lack of softness, with staleness,” says Myhrvold. But, the bread is less likely to actually go stale in the fridge (as opposed to leaving it in a bread box on your counter).
You can reverse the starch crystallization by warming up your bread. “Most people [including us!] would say, don’t put it in the fridge because it’ll make it go stale faster. If you’re going to toast it or warm it up anyway, it doesn’t matter.”
https://www.chatelaine.com/food/kitchen-tips/store-bread-in-the-fridge/ Readers interested in learning more about the evidence review and the research behind summer youth employment programs are encouraged to visit J-PAL North America’s summer youth employment program website or contact J-PAL North America Senior Policy Manager Kalila Jackson-Spieker.
J-PAL North America is a regional office of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), a global research center based at MIT.
https://news.mit.edu/2022/summer-youth-employment-programs-research-0524 Bacteria are thriving in all venoms of snakes and spiders, according to a new study by researchers in the UK.
The novel discovery is considered ground-breaking since long-held notions suggest that antimicrobial substances of the poison can kill any microbes.
https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/50969/20220524/contrary-popular-belief-venoms-snakes-spiders-populated-bacteria.htm UAB researchers track the behavior of microplastics inside a living organism
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220523/UAB-researchers-track-the-behavior-of-microplastics-inside-a-living-organism.aspx “Our results indicate that Preyssler-type phosphotungstates are good negative-staining reagents for virus observations,” Sadakane said. “They are easy to use, since they are not radioactive and do not need adjustment for pH levels, and they provide clear images.”
The researchers plan to build on their findings to develop a series of non-radioactive negative-staining reagents to observe other viruses, as well as small organic particles such as proteins and more, according to Sadakane.
https://www.newswise.com/articles/new-non-radioactive-neutral-reagent-reveals-viruses-in-clear-detail The permit defined hazardous waste to include PFOA and PFOS, two of the best studied PFAS. The permit required the DOD to address PFAS contamination of the air, soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater stemming from its actions on base.
In response, the DOD sued
, in January 2019, challenging New Mexico’s permit definition of hazardous waste. It argued that because PFOA and PFOS are not yet regulated as hazard waste under the federal RCRA, New Mexico should not be able to include them in state hazardous waste permits
https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/05/department-defense-fights-states-over-cleanup-toxic-forever-chemicals The collaboration found that Metformin, a small molecule drug that has been used to treat type II diabetes for more than 50 years, can improve the efficiency and efficacy of antibacterial treatments for quick wound-healing in mice.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954010 theoretical physicsPhysicists Rewrite the Fundamental Law That Leads to Disorder
By Philip Ball
May 26, 2022
The second law of thermodynamics is among the most sacred in all of science, but it has always rested on 19th century arguments about probability. New arguments trace its true source to the flows of quantum information.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-trace-the-rise-in-entropy-to-quantum-information-20220526/ Ask anyone in a choir why they enjoy it, and they will tell you about the euphoric effects singing has on their mental health. A team of neuroscientists and clinical psychologists based at the University of Helsinki (Finland) believe these benefits could extend to improving brain function and treating aphasia.
https://horizon.scienceblog.com/2047/boosting-brain-function-in-later-life-through-singing/ "Objects and remains of animals and human activity have been found that we didn't even know existed. They include everything from horse tack and clothing to arrows with tips made of shells, wooden shafts and feathers. Not a year goes by without surprising finds that shift the boundaries of our understanding," says Birgitte Skar, an archaeologist and associate professor at the NTNU (the Norwegian University of Science and Technology) University Museum.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220525110910.htm Vigorous debate is how science moves forward. But the kind of discourse we’ve seen in the comments section is incompatible with being welcoming and inclusive to all our readers. In addition, researchers have shown that exposing readers to uncivil comments can harm their perceptions of the science reported (J. Computer-Mediated Commun. 2014, DOI: 10.1111/jcc4.12009).
In the past, we’ve responded by closing comments on some stories and never opening them on others. For consistency, we’re now going one step further: we’re no longer accepting comments on most stories on cen.acs.org.
https://cen.acs.org/education/outreach/Why-we-re-turning-off-commenting-on-cen-acs-org/99/web/2021/02 Breastfeeding duration associated with cognition
Link between breastfeeding duration and cognitive test scores later in childhood persists even after controlling for socioeconomics and maternal intelligence
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953096 Now, according to a new analysis of well preserved fossils, scientists think that it was one of the earliest ancestors of tetrapods – animals with four limbs, including humans.
"This strange animal has baffled scientists since its discovery in 1890 as a puzzle that's been impossible to solve," says physicist Daisy (Yuzhi) Hu of the Australian National University.
"Morphological comparisons of this animal have always been extremely challenging for scientists. However, recent improvements in high-resolution 3D segmentation and visualization have made this previously impossible task possible.
https://www.sciencealert.com/this-fish-like-creature-could-be-one-of-your-oldest-known-ancestors Findings from a new Northwestern Medicine study rebut the idea that Black individuals’ higher risk of cardiovascular disease is because of biological differences.
https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/05/black-adults-high-cardiovascular-disease-risk-not-due-to-race-itself/ From knife cuts to animal bites to torrents of rain, every touch that a plant gets leads to a defensive molecular response – although these responses can be quite varied. They can lead to plants becoming more stress-resistant and flowering later in the year, for example.
The idea to try and harness this response isn't new: scientists are already looking into how carefully managed "mechanical wounding" can make for sturdier crops and harvests that are more plentiful, because the plants build up more of a resistance to stress.
https://www.sciencealert.com/study-shows-exactly-how-touch-can-stress-plants-out The EPA’s largest employee unions want a new kind of environmental protection: a contract that insulates agency science from political interference after enduring four years of attacks under former president Donald Trump.
“We are looking to be the first union in the nation to have a scientific integrity article in our contract,” Nicole Cantello, an EPA lawyer and union leader, told BuzzFeed News.
The American Federation of Government Employees Council 238 is a collection of 14 local unions representing 7,500 scientists, engineers, and other employees at the leading federal agency responsible for protecting the environment and human health. The union collective plans to introduce the package, which is still being finalized, at a bargaining session with management in June.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zahrahirji/epa-unions-trump-science-protections New study highlights the importance of perspective taking in maintaining healthy romantic relationships
https://www.psypost.org/2022/05/new-study-highlights-the-importance-of-perspective-taking-in-maintaining-healthy-romantic-relationships-63226 This week, Google's DeepMind released its most impressive AI yet, called Gato, which is designed to be good at lots of tasks.
Its makers describe it as a precursor to an Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which is a long-anticipated AI that can understand or learn any intellectual task that a human being can.
In theory, potentially any human occupation could be replaced by an AGI.
"We used to say that artificial general intelligence and the replacement of humans would be like 2045," Dr Thompson says.
"I'm seeing the beginnings of AGI right now."
AI tools performing creative human tasks is no longer the stuff of science fiction, or something that will happen in 10 years' time.
For Danny Mahoney in Melbourne, it's already begun.
"I think people really underestimate how useful it is at this point," he says.
"Anybody who spends any significant amount of time on the internet is reading AI content without even realising."
https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-05-29/artificial-intelligence-rise-of-text-generation-gpt-3/101101804 Scientists recently discovered something about male mice that's utterly bananas: The distinctive scent of a banana stresses them out.
Researchers from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, learned about this unusual fruit aversion while analyzing spiking stress hormones in male mice when the males were close to pregnant or lactating females. The scientists reported in a new study that the males' hormonal shifts were triggered by the presence of a compound called n-pentyl acetate in the females' urine. It also happens to be the compound that gives bananas their distinctive smell.
https://www.livescience.com/mice-fear-bananas Rethinking air conditioning amid climate change ACs and refrigerators help keep people safe—but they also further warm the planet.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/05/rethinking-air-conditioning-amid-climate-change/ A new study by Simon Fraser University researchers suggests the brain may learn faster when threatened with danger. Their research is published in the journal eNeuro.
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220527/The-brain-may-learn-faster-when-threatened-with-danger-study-suggests.aspx Minneapolis, Minn. - Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute is testing an innovative way to help people quit smoking – by letting them bet on themselves and win real money. It’s part of a new game called QuitBet and it’s being funded by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grant administered by researchers at Hennepin Healthcare.
Players commit to quit smoking over four weeks and bet $30 on themselves, which goes into the pot. Players then receive a free breath testing device to track their progress every day. At the end, all the players who have managed to quit win back their bet plus a profit as they split the pot with the other winners. Winners typically double their money while quitting smoking.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954228 ,” Prof. Limodio provides a pioneering quantitative assessment of terrorism, recruitment and financing. He shows that terrorist attacks are sensitive to local funding: terrorist organizations launch attacks where and when they receive funds. This is of clear policy relevance. If terrorism depends on local funding availability, financial counter-terrorism can be effective insofar as it limits the ability of terrorist organizations to access funds.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954128 The Milky Way Galaxy where we live includes stars of various ages, including stars still forming. But in some other galaxies, known as elliptical galaxies, all of the stars are old and about the same age. This indicates that early in their histories elliptical galaxies had a period of prolific star formation that suddenly ended. Why this star formation ceased in some galaxies but not others is not well understood. One possibility is that a supermassive black hole disrupts the gas in some galaxies, creating an environment unsuitable for star formation.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954137 Banned Books Every Climate Nerd Should Read The tomes on this list pissed off multiple schools. These characters and plots show how various societal issues, including racism and poverty, intersect with climate change and environmental destruction. Here are some banned books to add to your reading list, if you care about intersectionality and gross chunky rivers
https://gizmodo.com/banned-books-climate-change-environmental-movement-1848860773 Dr Ceddia showed how cropland expansion, which contributes significantly to carbon emissions and biodiversity loss, is driven by investors. They choose to grow flex-crops such as oil palm, soy and sugar cane, since they have multiple uses, for example as food, fuel and animal feed. This means they are more likely to generate a profit compared to crops with a single use, often at the expense of the local people and the environment.
‘Agriculture is not necessarily oriented to the production of food but simply as a branch of investment which has to generate a certain return on invested capital,’ said Dr Ceddia.
Enabling change
Although research can provide information about the impact of deforestation, Dr Ceddia thinks that social activism is important to bring about change. He and his team found that laws to protect the forest were implemented more stringently in provinces of the Chaco in Argentina where indigenous people and small-scale farmers organised protests against deforestation.
https://horizon.scienceblog.com/2051/deforestation-cuts-through-community-as-well-as-biodiversity/ gave a team the chance to use its telescope for observations, knocking other projects back. But these cases aren't always ticked off.
So, Campbell noted, there's a neat story here about observing space. You could look at Earth imaging satellites in orbit and repurpose them to study background stars. Another advantage of this is they can observe over 24 hours and may be able to see in additional wavelengths of light like infrared, which is blocked by Earth's atmosphere.
Ultimately, the next time a star threatens to go supernova on us, we might already be watching.
https://www.cnet.com/science/space/astronomers-unexpectedly-capture-mysterious-dimming-of-supergiant-star-betelgeuse/ We all know that sewage waste on our beaches is unsightly, but it could also be a risk to public health,' he said.
'Some of the plastic waste we have recovered could be from legacy sewage spills that have persisted in the environment, but the volume of waste we are seeing is shocking.'
According to the Environmental Audit Committee, 7 million wet wipes, 2.5 million tampons and 1.5 million sanitary pads are incorrectly flushed down the toilet every day in the UK.
These items should always be put in the bin and not down the toilet, even if the packaging suggests otherwise, say environmentalists.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10868149/Dirty-wet-wipes-wash-British-beaches-teaming-faecal-bacteria-study-finds.html Researchers have found that genetically and pharmacologically restoring the normal activity of the brain circuit improved anorexia, opening the possibility of developing a treatment strategy for affected individuals in the future.
https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/103286/animal-study-shows-abnormal-activity-of-brain-circuit-causes-anorexia/ Finally, I should add that no other journal publisher adds a Publisher’s Note like this to scientists’ papers. So any claim by Springer Nature that they need to do so is, frankly, nonsense. They don’t. They appear to have added the notice to appease the Chinese government, and it’s not the first time they have done so.
I don’t expect scientists to stop publishing in Nature or any of the 100-plus Nature journals. However, I hope that others can speak up and let Nature’s editors know that they won’t accept having this disclaimer added to their papers. I certainly will.
Oh, and one last thing: for all scientists funded by NIH, every paper must be deposited in the public archive PubMedCentral, where all of the content is free and unrestricted. PMC doesn’t include this bizarre publisher’s note! So I highly recommend that everyone use the PMC link, rather than the link to the Nature website, when you share your papers with others.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2022/05/30/a-major-science-journal-publisher-adds-a-weird-notice-to-every-paper-whats-behind-this/?sh=48bb987413c1 In a paper published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences, QBI researchers put a spotlight on metacognition – an important cognitive skill which is defined as 'thinking about thinking'.
Dr Rangelov said the review was part of a larger study on measuring a person's readiness to change their mind
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220529/A-change-of-mind-can-often-be-the-best-decision-researchers-say.aspx New research suggests living with a dog may yield a surprising benefit to children: improved gut health. Williams Turpin, lead author and a research associate with Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, presented the findings on Monday during the Digestive Disease Week conference in San Diego. The study will publish later this year in Gastroenterology
https://www.inverse.com/science/dog-ownership-gut-health-connection-kids-surprising Evolution May Be Happening Up to 4 Times Faster Than We Thought, Massive Study Finds
https://www.sciencealert.com/evolution-may-be-happening-up-to-four-times-faster-than-we-thought Landus plans to bring in about 500 farmers through the summer to examine the plots and learn how they can confidently scale back their use of fertilizer, with more advanced monitoring and by planting cover crops that grow alongside the main crop and naturally infuse the soil with nitrate.
Dan Bjorkland, a soil expert at Landus, said he’s especially hopeful the company’s efforts will encourage more planting of cover crops, now used by less than 10% of Iowa farmers despite the clear benefits in preventing erosion and creating healthy soil. Some farmers might be more willing to consider planting cover crops because fertilizer prices have reached record highs due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which disrupted supply chains.
https://apnews.com/article/politics-environment-iowa-des-moines-978cc6f9edb83389af50a5c1cb05d243 A new analysis by researchers at Masaryk University, the University of Toronto, and NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) has found most countries are not on track to remove their stocks of highly hazardous polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the 2028 deadline set forth in the Stockholm Convention, the global chemicals management treaty. The report found more than 10 million tons of PCB-containing materials remain and pose public health and environmental threats globally.
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-long-banned-toxic-chemicals-global-threat.html WASHINGTON – The Environmental Working Group today applauds Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack for announcing a new program to help farmers and ranchers make the transition to organic farming.
Vilsack said the Department of Agriculture plans to spend up to $300 million
to help farmers obtain crop insurance when switching to organic farming. He said farmers could receive more technical assistance, if needed to make the transition.
https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news-release/2022/06/ewg-applauds-usda-organic-transition-program the international team of physicists of the Daya Bay collaboration has reported the first result from the experiment’s full dataset—the most precise measurement yet of theta13, a key parameter for understanding how neutrinos change their “flavor.” The result, announced today at the Neutrino 2022 conference in Seoul, South Korea, will help physicists explore some of the biggest mysteries surrounding the nature of matter and the universe.
https://scienceblog.com/531023/physicists-announce-first-results-from-daya-bays-final-dataset/ How high-intensity interval training can reshape metabolism
Findings in men reveal how skeletal muscle adapts to high-intensity interval training, which includes changes to processes that are important for regulating metabolism and muscle contraction.
https://elifesciences.org/for-the-press/15cd9ac1/how-high-intensity-interval-training-can-reshape-metabolism Essentially, because the DNA repair genes in some people who smoke were so active, they protected the person from forming cancer cells. It’s an intriguing find and one that could finally explain why some smokers never get lung cancer.
https://bgr.com/science/we-may-finally-know-why-so-many-lifelong-smokers-never-get-lung-cance added to the sidebar .
Caring friends can save the world
Saving the world starts with close friendships in adolescence, Concordia research shows
https://www.concordia.ca/cunews/main/stories/2013/02/05/caring-friends-can-save-the-world.html ###
A new study has found that Brazil’s environmental enforcement agencies under President Jair Bolsonaro failed to take action in response to nearly all of the deforestation alerts issued for the Amazon region since 2019.Nearly 98% of Amazon deforestation alerts weren’t investigated during this period, while fines paid by violators also dropped, raising fears among activists that environmental crimes are being encouraged under the current administration.
https://news.mongabay.com/2022/05/governmet-inaction-sees-98-of-deforestation-alerts-go-unpunished-in-brazil/ MIT taught the graduates and Kealoha two important lessons, he said: to believe in themselves and to proceed according to the scientific method. He suggested applying that method to all of life.
“Form a hypothesis for your life choices / test your ideas / methodically identify your constants and change the variables in your life / circle back and tweak your hypotheses to incorporate your findings,” he said.
In concluding, Kealoha counseled the graduates to live with energy and intention.
“I want you to think about all the things you wish you could do / and tonight, I want you to do one of them / and...
https://news.mit.edu/2022/kealoha-wong-graduates-0531 Big Brother is listening. Companies use “bossware” to listen to their employees when they’re near their computers. Multiple “spyware” apps can record phone calls. And home devices such as Amazon’s Echo can record everyday conversations. A new technology, called Neural Voice Camouflage, now offers a defense. It generates custom audio noise in the background as you talk, confusing the artificial intelligence (AI) that transcribes our recorded voices.
The new system uses an “adversarial attack.” The strategy employs machine learning—in which algorithms find patterns in data—to tweak sounds in a way that causes an AI, but not people, to mistake it for something else. Essentially, you use one AI to fool another.
https://www.science.org/content/article/technology-spying-you-new-ai-could-prevent-eavesdropping Ultrafine atmospheric dust from exhaust gases of fossil fuels might cause weather extremes
https://phys.org/news/2022-05-ultrafine-atmospheric-exhaust-gases-fossil.html Soon, electric passenger ferries skimming above the surface across the seas may become a reality. At Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, a research team has created a unique method for further developing hydrofoils that can significantly increase the range of electric vessels and reduce the fuel consumption of fossil-powered ships by 80 per cent.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954545 Your Liver Is Only About Three Years Old, Scientists Say
DAVID NIELD
2 JUNE 2022
The human liver stays youthful even while the rest of our bodies grow old, according to new research, and on average the organ is is less than three years old, no matter what the age of the person it's attached to.
https://www.sciencealert.com/your-liver-is-only-about-three-years-old-scientists-say The machine learning algorithms, which included gene profiling from biopsies, performed considerably better when predicting which treatment would work best compared to a model that used only tissue pathology or clinical factors.
The study strongly supports the case for performing gene profiling of biopsies from arthritic joints before prescribing expensive biologic targeted therapies. This could save patients considerable time and money and help avoid potential unwanted side effects, joint damage and worse outcomes.
https://www.labonline.com.au/content/life-scientist/news/genes-can-help-predict-response-to-arthritis-treatment-1544128949 While most of these pre-cancerous lesions don't develop into cancer, understanding how they progress is still crucial to finding interventions to address the rising rate of pancreatic cancer. Findings from this study indicate that people who have silent precancerous lesions, even those that are low grade, could increase their risk of developing pancreatic cancer by consuming PPARδ natural activators, like in high fat diets, or synthetic ones, like Cardarine. Future development of effective agents to block PPARδ activation could be a new approach to prevent the progression of precancerous lesions into pancreatic cancer. Limiting exposure to high fat diets could also be considered for those with a high prevalence of pre-cancerous pancreatic lesions. But for now, the prevalent sales and use of those athletic boosting synthetic PPARδ activating substances causes the most pressing concern.
"This new information should alert individuals to the potential serious health risks from using synthetic PPARδ agonists," Shureiqi said. "We're trying to spread the message that's using those substances is not a good idea. It might enhance muscle endurance, but it also enhances cancer's ability to use energy and grow."
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220601/Substances-touted-to-improve-athletic-performance-and-high-fat-diet-fuel-pancreatic-cancere28099s-development.aspx Aggressive and rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are critical for avoiding a major mass extinction of ocean species," said senior author Curtis Deutsch. The study found, however, that reversing greenhouse gas emissions could reduce the risk of extinction by more than 70%.
"The silver lining is that the future isn't written in stone," said first author Justin Penn. "The extinction magnitude we found depends strongly on how much carbon dioxide we emit moving forward. There's still enough time to change the trajectory of CO2 emissions and prevent the magnitude of warming that would cause a mass extinction."
https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?WT.mc_id=USNSF_1&cntn_id=305284 The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now more powerful than ever, and its operators hope the upgrades performed in the downtime will enable the Standard Model of Particle Physics to be put to its most strenuous tests yet. The upgrades may also allow the LHC to produce some of the particles theorized to make up dark matter and to pursue the search for extra dimensions.
On its first day back the LHC's operators at CERN in Switzerland started things moving by slamming two beams of protons into each other to meet with an energy level of 6.8 TeV, a new world record. That's not far off the machine's goal over the next two
https://www.iflscience.com/physics/large-hadron-collider-restarted-to-seek-dark-matter-and-extra-dimensions/ Usually, increasing agricultural productivity depends on adding something, such as fertilizer or water. A new Stanford University-led study reveals that removing one thing in particular – a common air pollutant – could lead to dramatic gains in crop yields. The analysis, published June 1 in Science Advances, uses satellite images to reveal for the first time how nitrogen oxides – gases found in car exhaust and industrial emissions – affect crop productivity. Its findings have important implications for increasing agricultural output and analyzing climate change mitigation costs and benefits around the world.
https://news.stanford.edu/2022/06/01/pollution-and-crops/ Beyond what is already planned for Webb, there are the unexpected discoveries astronomers can't anticipate. One example: In 1990 when the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope launched, dark energy was completely unknown. Now it is one of the most exciting areas of astrophysics. What will Webb discover?
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-webb-telescope-images.html Want to be less selfish, manipulative or impulsive?
A new study has found that tasks designed to make someone more agreeable also effectively reduce a trio of negative personality traits known as the “Dark Triad” – Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy.
SMU psychology professor Nathan Hudson’s study showed that practicing activities like “donating money to a charity that you would normally spend on yourself” or “talking to a stranger and asking them about themselves” decreased all three Dark Triad traits after four months. That was the case even for people who said they wanted to increase their dark traits, not diminish them.
In a surprise twist, though, Hudson’s study published in the Journal of Personality found that these people did want to become more agreeable – modest, kind, considerate and helpful.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954574 Microbiota Transplantation Demonstrates How Gut Bacteria Contributes to Weight Loss and Beneficial Metabolic Effects with Gelesis’ Proprietary
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220604005007/en/Microbiota-Transplantation-Demonstrates-How-Gut-Bacteria-Contributes-to-Weight-Loss-and-Beneficial-Metabolic-Effects-with-Gelesis%E2%80%99-Proprietary-Hydrogel Sushi’s two best friends are ginger and wasabi. Each one offers a little something flavor-wise, but gastroenterologist Ali Rezaie at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center has a soft spot for the pale yellow side. “I'm that guy that when he goes and eats sushi asks for four extra plates of ginger,” Rezaie tells Inverse. He loves it most for its taste, but as a doctor specializing in the gut, he thinks the root could have even more benefits than we realize.
https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/ginger-health-benefits Macrophage depletion alters bacterial gut microbiota partly through fungal overgrowth in feces that worsens cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mice
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13098-0 If you smoke or live in a sooty place like New Delhi, a new study has found which vegetables you should add to your shopping list.
Scientists at the University of Delaware report that eating vegetables like celery, carrots, and parsley can help reduce the negative health effects of air pollution, a global health problem responsible for millions of deaths each year. This research is also connected to the harm done by smoking.
https://m.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/article-708573 Theoretical research suggests that quantum effects could drive mutations in human DNA. This is the latest development in an emerging field called quantum biology. The mechanism involves proton transfer through quantum tunnelling, a process that occurs in one-quadrillionth of a second. Cells have built-in proofreading systems that help prevent these mutations.
https://bigthink.com/hard-science/quantum-biology-mutation/ Special Olympics Drops Covid-19 Vaccine Requirement After Florida Threatens $27.5 Million Fine
https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2022/06/04/special-olympics-drops-covid-19-vaccine-requirement-after-florida-threatens-275-million-fine/?sh=3ae0ab705c95 Understanding the Flaws Behind the IQ TestIQ tests are one of the most prominent tools in the modern psychologist's toolbox. They also have numerous methodological flaws.
https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/understanding-the-flaws-behind-the-iq-test Image Credit X-ray: NASA/CXC/U.Wisc-Madison/S. Heinz et al.; Optical/IR: Pan-STARR
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory have captured an image that shows huge rings around a black hole. It’s a composite that shows the ring-encircled black hole in X-rays, infrared and visible light.
https://www.techexplorist.com/nasa-shares-image-spectacular-set-rings-around-black-hole/47905/ Gut-Brain Axis: New Research Finds Development of Depression is Partially Linked to Bowel Disease
https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/51158/20220603/gut-brain-axis-new-research-finds-development-depression-partially-linked.htm The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS and AREDS2) established that dietary supplements can slow progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in older Americans. In a new report, scientists analyzed 10 years of AREDS2 data. They show that the AREDS2 formula, which substituted antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin for beta-carotene, not only reduces risk of lung cancer due to beta-carotene, but is also more effective at reducing risk of AMD progression, compared to the original formula.
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-confirms-benefit-supplements-slowing-age-related-macular-degeneration STONY BROOK, NY, June 6, 2022 – Shinnecock Bay on the south shore of Long Island, New York, is being named a new “Hope Spot” by Mission Blue, an international organization that supports the protection of oceans worldwide. This distinction is the result of a decade of restorative and scientific work co-led by Ellen Pikitch, Ph.D., Christopher Gobler, Ph.D. and Bradley Peterson, Ph.D. in the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS) at Stony Brook University.
Hope Spots are iconic ocean regions that stand out as some of the most pristine on the globe. This places Shinnecock Bay in a league with internationally-recognized locations such as The Galapagos Islands, the Sargasso Sea, and the Ross Sea in Antarctica. The bay is the first Hope Spot in New York State, the only one near a major metropolitan region, and one of only three others on the Eastern Seaboard of the U.S.
https://www.newswise.com/articles/shinnecock-bay-recognized-as-a-new-global-hope-spot The researchers analyzed 2,049 breast cancer samples and compared findings across three age groups: patients younger than 30 years old, patients 30 to 39 years old, and patients 40 and older. Patients in the younger age groups had higher rates of BRCA1 mutations and lower rates of CDH1 and PIK3CA mutations than did older patients.
https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/mutations-differ-across-younger-and-older-patients-with-breast-cance Pancreatic cancer risk linked to eating a high-fat diet, new study finds
Pancreatic cancer is considered the 10th most common cancer in the UK, with about 10,500 new cases every year. According to a new study, consuming a high-fat diet could be significantly increasing your risk
https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/pancreatic-cancer-risk-linked-eating-27129103 Moreover, according to the relevant data, heritable cancers make up only five to 10 percent of all diagnosed cancers. The rest are brought on by exposome-related factors, which spark genetic mutations.
“That’s an important thing to consider, because it says that cancer isn’t inevitable,” Prof. Wishart says in a university release.
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/2/154 Smartphone gaming induces dry eye symptoms and reduces blinking in school-aged children
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-022-02122-2 "We are starting to see the negative impact of removing vegetation and responding to it by putting trees back in."
Eleanor Lang and Dan Florence work with farmers in the central west to make their properties more sustainable. (ABC Central West: Hamish Cole )
Senior research officer Dan Florence said growing concerns about animal welfare were also contributing to the rise of shelterbelts.
"Animal welfare is now becoming more topical from a consumer and buyer perspective," he said.
"With a changing climate and really hot summers people are thinking more about their livestock's health and trying to give them a bit of shade and protection."
Mr Florence said the windbreaks could also play an important role in agriculture reducing net emissions.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-06/nsw-sheep-farmer-plants-15000-trees-on-property-/101123228 At first, the gas was dense, which slowed down the motion of things like asteroids and planetesimals with gas drag. But as the Sun got going, it produced more solar wind and radiation.
The solar nebula was still there, but the solar wind and radiation pushed on it, dissipating it. As it dissipated, it became less dense, and there was less drag on objects.
Without the dampening effect of dense gas, asteroids accelerated and collided with each other more frequently.
According to Hunt and her colleagues, the reduction of gas drag is responsible.
"The theory that best explained this energetic early phase of the solar system indicated that it was caused primarily by the dissipation of the so-called solar nebula," study co-author Maria Schönbächler explained.
https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-asteroids-reveal-that-the-early-solar-system-was-more-chaotic-than-we-thought Today, approximately two years have passed since the trial began and there are no signs that the cancer has returned in any of the study patients. MSK is continuing their work and encouraging rectal cancer patients to get tested to see if their tumor might have the MMRd mutation. They are also expanding the research to look at the potential efficacy of the treatment in cancers of other types and locations.
https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/100-of-mmrd-rectal-cancer-remission-with-immunotherapy-in-study What can people do to avoid sudden heart attacks?
https://www.livemint.com/science/health/what-can-people-do-to-avoid-sudden-heart-attacks-11654398770270.html Doctors and nurses need 20-minute power naps during night shifts to keep patients safe
No doctor or nurse should work more than 3 night shifts in a row due to effects on both patient safety and their own personal safety
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/954941 - Climate change is causing Utah's Great Salt Lake to shrink drastically, The New York Times reports, paving the way for an environmental catastrophe that could turn the air around Salt Lake City into a poisonous cloud of arsenic.
Once exposed, the bed of the Great Salt Lake could cause arsenic — a classic poison that's toxic and carcinogenic to humans — to be carried by wind storms over to the city of over 200,000 residents.
The lake bed also holds other dangerous heavy metals, the result of nearby mining activity, meaning that just the dust in the air can cause respiratory problems. And that has residents alarmed.
"We have this potential environmental nuclear bomb that’s going to go off if we don’t take some pretty dramatic action," Joel Ferry, a Republican state lawmaker and local resident, told the NYT.
https://futurism.com/the-byte/toxic-clouds-great-salt-lake Hi all!
I get a lot of PM's/ see a lot of threads posts here with school lists. Now as amazing as MSAR is, school websites, etc are, there is A LOT about schools not easily accessible that cause applicants to waste $$$ and a spot on their list while applying. IMO, bad school lists is the biggest problem people have while applying that can be fixed in an afternoon. This is in conjunction with the schools
medical school Pros/Cons list we did with more of an emphasis on picking schools to apply to based on more objective data of % of OOS taken, tuition, etc and things not easily found. Moreover, something people forget is class size and IS/OOS. Even if a public school has a high % of OOS, if the class is only 60 students then that could be way worse than a huge school with a lower % of OOS but larger class size.
Here's an amazing tool that
syuura made!
https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=9B6F5636A264872E!1966&ithint=file%2cxlsx&authkey=!APk5r4bpL9_fwG4 Let's start with the most frustrating of them all.
DO NOT APPLY TO UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON UNLESS YOU'RE A WASHINGTON RESIDENT OR FROM ALASKA, MONTANA, IDAHO, OR WYOMING (it's ok if you want to take the like 0.14% chance and pay the fee, that's totally your call)
A lot of people apply to UWash because they see they are "out of state friendly" and have lower stats. Wrong. They have a
regional agreement with Alaska, Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming that MSAR is too stupid to point out when looking strictly at the IS versus OOS kids. The VAST majority of the OOS students are from these states.
Ok, now that that's out of the way, here's some general thoughts about schools I know about. I am simply gonna go through MSAR and do it in order if I know anything about the school. Spoiler: I don't know a lot about a lot of schools lol. First is TMDSAS.
TMDSAS SCHOOLS- McGovern at UT Houston, UT Southwestern, UT Medical Branch, Dell at UT Austin, UT San Antonio, UT Rio Grande, Texas A&M, Texas Tech University, and Texas Tech at El Paso By law, all TMDSAS schools will have roughly 90% IS and 10% out of state students. Their tuition is RIDICULOUSLY cheap (20k and under for most schools) and most OOS students will qualify for IS tuition, making them ridiculously amazing deals. Problem is you're vying for 10% of spots, so a school like UT Austin with only 5 spots interviewed something like 18 students lol. Nice thing is TMDSAS opens at the same time as AMCAS but is able to submit right away and is super cheap (160 for all schools + 60 for A&M) and only half of them have secondaries.
Albany Medical College:
First year class: 134 (medium).
Has very high tuition (around $58,000 alone), is in upstate New York (so not that fun depending on who you are), and are basically graded on an
Excellent, Good, Marginal, and Unsatisfactory system. Basically a A, B, C, F system.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine:
First year class: 183 (large).
Tuition is normal for a private MD ($51,000),
grading is P/F (hell yeah!) and I think is not ranked, and they have pretty dope dual degree in
clinical research that is tuition free. However, their facilities are old and are located in the Bronx. For other not new yorkers like myself, the Bronx isn't for everyone. It's north of Manhattan and doesn't have the most safe vibe. The medical centeschool is in a safe part, however, and no student seemed to mind at all. They have super cheap student housing, also! They also interview A LOT of people.
Baylor College of Medicine 75% in state students: 25% out of state students.
OOS friendly. First year class: 186 (large), 25% of which are OOS.
NOT AFFILIATED WITH BAYLOR UNIVERSITY. Many people think they're the same lol. Once upon a time. They also do not run Houston Methodist hospital anymore (that honor belongs to Weill Cornell Medicine, weirdly enough). Super, crazy, amazingly cheap tuition for in-state residents (19k a year), and crazy good for OOS students (32k a year). The class is around 75% Texas students and 25% out of state students. APPLY WITH AMCAS, NOT TMDSAS.
Boston University First year class: 190 (large).
Expensive tuition (58k),
had almost 11k apps for the incoming class of 2016, and has high median stats for the low-yield schools (3.68, 34 MCAT which is around a 516 on the new scale). I don't really know why so many people apply to BU-- it has pretty high average stats.
California Northstate University College of Medicine First year class: 90 (smaller).
High tuition (55k) that is also not eligible for federal loans (can someone confirm this?), and is a
for-profit school.
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine-- University track First year class: 216 (very large).
This is the traditional CWU curriculum. Expensive tuition (59k), in Cleveland (so low cost of living, but also in Cleveland which can be a pro or con to you!), very, very old facilities but are building a giant, new, shiny medical educational building that's set to open in 2019 I think.
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Super small (33 students), but tuition free 5 year research oriented MD program. It's awesome. Also it is free to apply to if you apply to CWU, so I see no reason to NOT apply if you're already applying for CWU. 1 extra year = free tuition and making you way more competitive for residency? Yum.
Central Michigan University College of Medicine 5% of out of state students interviewed. 75% in state students: 20% out of state students.
OOS friendly. First year class: 101, so only 20 OOS students.
EXTREMELY HIGH OOS TUITION at $73,000!!!!!!!!
"they're brand-new (which is pretty widely known) but just matched their first graduating class, and competitively, I might add. Also, their facilities are brand-new and very nice from what I've seen, I can talk to a few friends of mine who are students to get info about their grading/culture, etc."
Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University Class side: 63 (very small). 2.8% of out of state students interviewed. 78% in state students: 22% out of state students.
OOS friendly if you get the interview since only 14 OOS students matriculate. EXTREMELY HIGH OOS TUITION AT $68,00)!!!!!!!
Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science First year class: 191 students (large).
Nice facilities, friendly people, but it's in North Chicago. For those that do not know the difference between Chicago and North Chicago (I didn't lol), it is a 45 minute drive north without traffic in seemingly middle of no where. For a big city kid as myself, it was a huge turn off. Also has no affiliated university hospital and you do rotations all around Chicago. They try to spin it as a positive as you get a lot of experience, but that means there's no true home residency programs which makes life slightly more difficult.
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons First year class: 151 (med-large). High tuition at 60k.
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Class size: 88 (small-medium). 3% of out of state students interviewed. 68% in state students: 32% out of state students.
OOS friendly once you get the interview since only 28 students are OOS. High OOS tuition at 60k.
Creighton University School of Medicine First year class: 154 (medium-large).
CUNY School of Medicine Class side: 69 (small).
Only available as BS/MD in the Sophie Davis biomedical educational program so do not apply here if you're not in that.
DO NOT APPLY HERE High OOS tuition at 64k, but should be able to get IS tuition years 2-4.
Drexel University College of Medicine First year class: 260 (very large).
Duke University School of Medicine Class size: 119 (medium). Secondary is long and it sucks. High tuition at 60k.
East Tennesse State University of James H. Quillen College of Medicine First year class size: 68 (small).
2.3% of out of state students interviewed. 91% in state students: 9% out of state students.
NOT OOS friendly. Only 6 OOS students matriculate. Extremely high OOS tuition at 65k.
Eastern Virginia Medical School First year class size: 151 (medium-large)
7.7% of out of state students interviewed. 51% in state students: 49% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 75 OOS matriculants High OOS tuition at 58k.
Emory University School of Medicine First year class: 136 (medium).
Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine First year class size: 126 (medium).
4.5% of out of state students interviewed. 83% in state students: 16% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly. Only 21 OOS matriculants. Extremely high OOS tuition at 69k.
Florida State University College of Medicine 0.39% of out of state students interviewed. 96% in state students: 4% out of state students.
EXTREMELY NOT OOS friendly. High OOS tuition at 61k.
Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University First year class size: 90 (smaller-medium).
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth First year class: 92 (medium). Has a reputation for being friendly towards non-trads.
Very high tuition for a private MD (62k), middle of no where which makes traveling pretty difficult and expensive, so us west coast people or someone who wants to travel to see family or friends a lot keep this in mind.
Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine Class size: 108 (medium).
7% of out of state students interviewed. 71% in state students: 29% out of state students.
OOS friendly. High tuition for IS (54k) and even higher for OOS (60k).
George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences First year class size: 177 (large).
High tuition (57k) and gets well over 10k apps a year, making it very low-yield.
Takes the highest of each subsection across multiple MCAT exams and subsections with 123 or below are considered non-competitive.
Georgetown University School of Medicine First year class size: 196 (large).
High tuition (58k) and gets over 14k applicants a year, making it one of the most, if not THE, most low-yield school. They also have a super low post-interview acceptance rate around 25%, so getting an interview here is not necessarily the hard part. They love letters of intent/thank you letters.
Harvard Medical School First year class size: 165 (medium-large).
High tuition at 60k. Pre-clinical is daily, mandatory, flipped classroom lectures. Not recorded. In addition to the high tuition, very minimal need-based financial aid where the maximum aid allowed still requires a unit loan. They like to “think of your Harvard education as a mortgage.”
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University First year class size: 99 (medium).
Howard University College of Medicine First year class size: 112 (medium).
Normal private MD tuition at 48k a year. DC is a high COL area. A historically black college, so unless you're black or have significant reasons for wanting to attend an HBC, don't apply. 69% black students + 6% latino.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai First year class: 140 (medium-large).
Normal private MD tuition at 50k a year. Cheap student housing.
Indiana University School of Medicine First year class size: 352 (extremely large).
9.6% of out of state students interviewed. 74% in state students: 26% out of state students.
Extremely OOS friendly due to large class size-- 93 OOS matriculants. Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo First year class size: 149 (medium large).
6.6% of out of state students interviewed. 87% in state students: 12% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 18 OOS matriculants. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine First year class: 118 (medium).
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California First year class size: 184 (large).
High tuition at 60k, not in a good part of Los Angeles.
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Class size: 206 (large).
Loma Linda University school of Medicine Class size: 168 (medium-large).
Super religious. Cannot smoke, drink, or have sex. As noted by some users here and a current student who PM'd me, caffeine is totally fine lol. they do, however, drug test at random points and will kick you out if you test positive for nicotine.
Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans Class size: 197 (large).
2.9% of out of state students interviewed. 90.4% in state students: 9.6% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 19 OOS matriculants. Louisiana State University School of Medicine in Shreveport 0% of out of state students interviewed. 99% in state students: 1% out of state students.
DOES NOT ACCEPT OOS STUDENTS (except one who didn't interview??? lol) DO NOT APPLY HERE UNLESS A LA RESIDENT Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine First year class size: 159. Jesuit school.
Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine 4% of out of state students interviewed. 88% in state students: 12% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 10 OOS matriculants. Mayo Clinic School of Medicine-- Rochester Small class (50), Rochester, MN is arctic cold. 70% of students got their first place in residency and 98% got top 3.
Mayo Clinic School of Medicine-- Scottsdale, AZ Campus is 20 minutes east of downtown scottsdale, 40 minutes away from PHX and the hospital there, and is also 50 students. Also it gets HOT (110+). Mayo is obsessed with shitty weather, apparently. No merit based aid available--all need based.
Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University First year class size: 230 (very large).
3.5% of out of state students interviewed. 94% in state students: 6% out of state students.
Extremely not OOS friendly-- 13 OOS matriculants. High OOS tuition 59k
"Also, that MCG has two campus locations (Athens vs. Augusta). Athens is PBL, Augusta is traditional. Augusta has a major academic medical center, children's hospital, etc., while Athens albeit a much cooler city overall has a less cutting edge hospital. You can also elect to be placed at a rural campus for your clinical years (Albany, Rome, or Brunswick) if you have an interest in rural health. In state tuition is cheap (27k), and Augusta's CoL is next to nothing for a mid-sized city. I didn't apply to Mercer because their focus on primary care, meeting the needs of underserved areas of GA, and rural health doesn't align with my more academic interests. Also, no reason to pay more for Mercer than MCG. But basically if you're Georgian you have a good shot at medical school since you have two institutions that basically only accept Georgians, and MCG has a massive class of ~240 students." ~
AgnosticKierkegaard Medical College of Wisconsin Not to be confused with University of Wisconsin: MCW is a private school. First year class: 261 (extremely large).
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine Because we are a state funded institution, first preference is given to in-state applicants, second preference is given to out of state applicants with close South Carolina ties to the state, and then consideration is given to regular out of state applicants.. I would not apply here unless you have close ties.
1.6% of out of state students interviewed. 85% in state students: 15% out of state students.
Not very OOS -- 26 OOS matriculants, but only 66 were interviewed (they probably had extremely close ties to the state, as stated above. Meharry Medical College First year class size: 108 (medium).
Historically black college: 85% black students, 7.4% Latino, 4.6% Native American. Do not apply here unless you're a minority student.
Mercer University School of Medicine First year class size: 122 (medium).
DOES NOT ACCEPT OOS STUDENTS, DO NOT APPLY HERE UNLESS GA RESIDENT https://medicine.mercer.edu/www/mu-medicine/admissions/md/information/committee/upload/Applicant-and-Matriculant-Statistics-2016.pdf See Medical College of Georgia for some more info.
Michigan State University College[ of Human Medicine Out of this world, oh my god why, are you fucking kidding me high OOS tuition at 87 fucking thousands dollars a year.
2.4% of out of state students interviewed. 85% in state students: 13% out of state students.
Not very OOS -- 23 OOS matriculants Morehouse School of Medicine Class size: 92 (medium).
Historically black college: 70% black, 5% latino.
New York Medical College First year class: 213 (large).
Uses CASPer for application.
New York University School of Medicine First year class: 129 (medium).
Had a huge jump in rankings recently and is trying to keep that top 15 ranking, so their average MCAT has jumped and is now at a 520. Affordable student housing for NYC.
Northeast Ohio Medical University 4.5% of out of state students interviewed. 89% in state students: 11% out of state students.
Not very OOS -- 16 OOS matriculants Crazy high out of state tuition at 75k.
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine First year class size: 163 (medium-large).
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Class size: 125 (medium).
5.9% of out of state students interviewed. 36% in state students: 60.8% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS FRIENDLY -- 76 OOS matriculants Ohio State University School of Medicine First year class size: 199 (large).
11% of out of state students interviewed. 54% in state students: 46% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS FRIENDLY -- 92 OOS matriculants In addition, they mentioned that 90% of OOS students are eligible to change to IS status after first year. If you are married and your spouse works for Ohio, you immediately qualify for IS tuition. I'm not sure if things have changed, but this policy was unique amongst state school. OSU seems like a great school (and the new cancer center was ridiculously awesome).
Oregon Health Sciences University First year class size: 153 (medium-large)
Similar to University of Washington with low stats but a strong in-state preference.
Unless you’re a member of their clearly stated preferential mission-based groups, don’t waste your money.. Refer to their website to determine if you're a good OOS fit-- About 1/3 of students are OOS but will fit into ALL those categories.
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine First year class size: 144 (medium-large).
50% IS: 50% OOS private MD.
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania First year class: 146 (medium-large).
LOVES THEIR HIGH STAT APPLICANTS. Has pre-clinical grades Honors/Pass/Fail. Also known to be generous with scholarships especially if you play hardball and ask for the money.
Rush Medical College of Rush University Medical Center First year class size: 136 (medium-large).
Here is their
minimum requirements.
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School First year class size: 178 (large).
5.9% of out of state students interviewed. 88% in state students: 12% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly -- 21 OOS matriculants High OOS tuition at 62k.
Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School First year class size: 160 (medium-large).
6.8% of out of state students interviewed. 79% in state students: 21% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly -- 34 OOS matriculants Saint Louis University School of Medicine First year class size: 180 (large).
Currently
on probation by the LCME but it shouldn't be a big deal.
Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University First year class size: 266 (very large).
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Class size: 71.
DOES NOT ACCEPT OOS APPLICANTS Stanford University School of Medicine First year class size: 93 (medium).
New York State schools-- Stony Brook, Upstate, Downstate Expensive OOS tuition, but should be able to claim residency years 2-4. Stony Brook is not close to Manhattan.
State University of New York Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine First year class size: 190 (large).
17% of out of state students interviewed. 78% in state students: 22% out of state students.
OOS friendly due to large class size -- 41 OOS matriculants State University of New York Upstate Medical University First year class size: 160 (medium-large).
7.4% of out of state students interviewed. 89% in state students: 11% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 18 OOS matriculants Stony Brook University School of Medicine First year class size: 132 (medium).
8.2% of out of state students interviewed. 81% in state students: 19% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 25 OOS matriculants The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University First year class size: 80 (small-medium).
DOES NOT ACCEPT OOS STUDENTS The University of Toledo College of Medicine First year class size: 174 (large).
7.5% of out of state students interviewed. 76% in state students: 24% out of state students.
Very OOS friendly due to large class size-- 42 OOS matriculants Very high OOS tuition at 64k.
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University First year class size: 144 (medium-large).
Around 1/3 of their students come from Brown University undergrad.
Tufts University School of Medicine First year class size: 211 (large).
High tuition at 60k and extremely low yield, having way over 10k apps a year.
Tulane University School of Medicine First year class size: 191 (large).
High tuition at 60k, NOLA isn't cheap, and very low-yield school with well over 10k apps. Also, they love early applicants. By September when I interviewed, the dean had told us that they had already given out 75% of their interview invites. She straight up told us that they LOVE early applicants lol it was funny.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine Military school.
University of Alabama School of Medicine First year class: 186 (large).
5.3% of out of state students interviewed. 87% in state students: 13% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly due to class size -- 25 OOS matriculants University of Arizona College of Medicine-- Tucson First year class size: 132 (medium).
3.8% of out of state students interviewed. 66% in state students: 33% out of state students.
Extremely OOS friendly-- 43 OOS matriculants University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix First year class size: 83 (small-medium).
4.1% of out of state students interviewed. 73% in state students: 27% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly due to smaller class size -- 23 OOS matriculants University of Arkansas For Medical Sciences College of Medicine First year class size: 173 (large)
2.9% of out of state students interviewed. 90% in state students: 10% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 18 OOS matriculants UAMS is not OOS friendly 85% of MS1's earned their degree from an Arkansas university
UC Davis School of Medicine First year class size: 110 (medium).
Do not apply here if not a California resident. Almost 100% California students. They interviewed 20 students and 3 matriculated (less than 3% of the class is OOS). Just a side note: they have a weird auto-screener that I can't figure out. I was rejected right away without a secondary lol.
UC Irvine First year class size: 104 (medium).
Do not apply here if not a California resident. Almost 100% California students (6% OOS students). Also screens for secondaries.
UCLA School of Medicine Class size: 175 (large).
Do not confuse UCLA with the Charles Drew program-- they serve different student populations, but when reported on MSAR are all the same, hence they their "average stats" are low. They're not for the traditional MD program. They screen and only give out secondaries to 1/3 of students.
5.5% of out of state students interviewed. 74% in state students: 26% out of state students.
Very OOS friendly-- 46 OOS matriculants UC Riverside School of Medicine First year class size: 60 (small).
Do not apply here if not a California resident. It is 100% California students for the past 2 cycles. Moreover, only 60 students and around 24 spots are reserved for UC Riverside undergrads and have a mission to serve the Inland Empire. I don't suggest most California applicants apply here honestly.
UC San Diego School of Medicine Class size: 134 (medium-large). Screens for secondaries.
5% of out of state students interviewed. 84% in state students: 16% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 22 OOS matriculants UCSF School of Medicine Class size: 165 (large). Screens for secondaries.
4.8% of out of state students interviewed. 81% in state students: 19% out of state students.
Pretty OOS friendly-- 31 OOS matriculants University of Central Florida College of Medicine First year class size: 120 (medium).
5.3% of out of state students interviewed. 76% in state students: 24% out of state students.
Pretty OOS friendly-- 29 OOS matriculants University of Chicago Division of the Biological Sciences The Pritzker School of Medicine First year class size: 91 (medium).
LOVES their high stat individuals. Last year at least they auto-interviwed the stat powerhouses when apps opened and interviews first started. Idk about later in the cycle. Also high tuition, but gives a lot of partial- full scholarships. It's still on the two-year, lecture-based, pre-clinical curriculum that many top schools have moved away from.
University of Cincinnati School of Medicine First year class size: 170 (large).
9.5% of out of state students interviewed. 65% in state students: 35% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 59 OOS matriculants University of Colorado School of Medicine 4.8% of out of state students interviewed. 73% in state students: 27% out of state students.
Very, very OOS friendly-- 49 OOS matriculants Super expensive for OOS folks. Tuition for class of '20 is 61k with estimated cost 88k. They were pretty upfront about the fact that there was not much for OOS folks in terms of scholarships or additional aid (aside from loans).
University of Connecticut School of Medicine 37k instate / 68k out, small class size (100) , TBL / True Pass-Fail, 79% of class from CT, Pretty good ranking: 3-way tie for #56, Ranked 3rd in the country this year for getting its students to match to their 1st choice residency.
Kind of OO friendly -- 20 OOS matriculants.
University of Florida College of Medicine Class size: 135 (medium).
3.7% of out of state students interviewed. 87.5% in state students: 12.5% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 17 OOS matriculants University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine First year class size: 70 (small). Crazy high OOS tuition at 72k.
5.3% of out of state students interviewed. 81.5% in state students: 18.5% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 13 OOS matriculants University of Illinois College of Medicine First year class size: 317 (extremely large). Crazy wtf why OOS tuition at 76k.
4.4% of out of state students interviewed. 79% in state students: 21% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 67 OOS matriculants University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine First year class size: 152
11.5% of out of state students interviewed. 63% in state students: 37% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 56 OOS matriculants, but 10 of which are MD/PhD University of Kansas School of Medicine First year class size: 211 (large)
4.2% of out of state students interviewed. 90.5% in state students: 9.5% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 20 OOS matriculants University of Kentucky College of Medicine First year class size: 136 (medium)
8% of out of state students interviewed. 64% in state students: 30% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 41 OOS matriculants University of Louisville School of Medicine First year class size: 156 (medium-large)
3.7% of out of state students interviewed. 76% in state students: 24% out of state students.
Very OOS friendly-- 37 OOS matriculants University of Maryland School of Medicine First year class size: 161 (medium-large). Very expensive OOS tuition (64k)
7.8% of out of state students interviewed. 74% in state students: 26% out of state students.
Very OOS friendly-- 43 OOS matriculants University of Massachusetts Medical School First year class size: 150 (medium-large).
7.3% of out of state students interviewed. 90% in state students: 10% out of state students.
Not OOS friendly-- 15 OOS matriculants University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine First year class size: 196 (large), but 50 spots are reserved for the 4 year MD/MPH program. Applications for each are independently reviewed.
Very competitive private MD tuition for OOS students (42k). Offer 4 year MD/MPH program BUT HAS DIFFERENT CLINICAL ROTATIONS NOT AT JACKSON MEMORIAL. Many people don't know before applying. Also a lot of merit scholarships are given here. I cannot find the actual screenshot, but here's how they base who to interview "As you can see, GPA, MCAT, and undergrad "prestige" are only 120/300 points. Your experiences, LORs, overcoming adversity, etc. are actually given more weight at 180/300 points! So don't skimp on elaborating about those experiences."
University of Michigan School of Medicine First year class size: 172 (large).
7.5% of out of state students interviewed. 52% in state students: 48% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 83 OOS matriculants University of Minnesota School of Medicine First year class size: 229 (large).
9.8% of out of state students interviewed. 84% in state students: 16% out of state students.
Pretty OOS friendly-- 37 OOS matriculants, 6 of which are MD/PhD University of Mississippi School of Medicine First year class size: 145 (medium).
DOES NOT ACCEPT OOS STUDENTS University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine First year class size: 104 (medium).
5.7% of out of state students interviewed. 86% in state students: 14% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly due to small class size -- 15 OOS matriculants University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine First year class size: 120 (medium). 87.5% of class comes from their BA/MD program.
Not IS or OOS friendly, only 15 combined non-BA/MD students University of Nebraska College of Medicine First year class size: 126 (medium). Extremely high OOS tuition (72k).
9.9% of out of state students interviewed. 82% in state students: 18% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 23 OOS matriculants, 5 of which are MD/PhD University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine First year class size: 68 (small).
7.2% of out of state students interviewed. 74% in state students: 26% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 18 OOS matriculants University of New Mexico School of Medicine First year class size: 103 (medium).
2.8% of out of state students interviewed. 95% in state students: 5% out of state students.
EXTREMELY NOT OOS friendly-- only 5 OOS matriculants University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine 2.2% of out of state students interviewed. 81% in state students: 19% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 34 OOS matriculants, 9 of which are MD/PhD You can qualify for in-state tuition years 2-4, making cost of tuition overall very good (around 130k).
University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Greenville campus A ridiculous, why the fuck would this ever exist, no-lube butt fucking out of state tuition of 89k a year. WHY GOD WHY
University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine First year class size: 78 (small-medium). Crazy high OOS tuition at 73k. Pro: people may misunderstand you when you say you went to Sanford school of medicine and think you went to Stanford
7.7% of out of state students interviewed. 62% in state students: 38% out of state students.
Pretty OOS friendly-- 30 OOS matriculants University of Oklahoma College of Medicine First year class: 165 (large).
2% of out of state students interviewed. 92.2% in state students: 7.8% out of state students.
NOT OOS friendly-- 13 OOS matriculants University of Pittsburg School of Medicine First year class size: 148 (medium-large).
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry First year class size: 104 (medium).
University of South Alabama College of Medicine First year class size: 74 (small-medium).
Only 14 OOS students interviewed with 5 matriculants.
NOT OOS FRIENDLY University of South Carolina School of Medicine First year class size: 97 (medium).
3.1% of out of state students interviewed. 74% in state students: 26% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 25 OOS matriculants University of South Carolina School of Medicine-- Greenville 3.4% of out of state students interviewed. 72% in state students: 28% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 29 OOS matriculants University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine Rural Campus in Sioux Falls First year class size: 66 (small). Very high OOS tuition (72k).
10% of out of state students interviewed. 78% in state students: 22% out of state students.
Not very OOS friendly-- 15 OOS matriculants University of Tennessee Health Science Center College Medicine First year class size: 170 (large). High OOS tuition at 67k.
5% of out of state students interviewed. 94% in state students: 6% out of state students.
NOT OOS friendly-- 10 OOS matriculants University of Utah School of Medicine First year class size: 125 (medium). Crazy high OOS tuition at 70k a year. They reserve ~10 spots for Idaho residents.
5.8% of out of state students interviewed. 71% in state students: 29% out of state students.
Kind of OOS friendly-- 37 OOS matriculants, 10 of which are from Idaho and 3 are MD/PhD University of Vermont College of Medicine First year class size: 117 (medium).
9% of out of state students interviewed. 30% in state students: 70% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 82 OOS matriculants University of Virginia School of Medicine First year class size: 156 (medium-large)
11.9% of out of state students interviewed. 52% in state students: 48% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 76 OOS matriculants, 6 of which are MD/PhD University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health First year class size: 170 (large)
5.8% of out of state students interviewed. 61% in state students: 39% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 66 OOS matriculants, 11 of which are MD/PhD Vanderbilt University School of Medicine First year class size: 89 (small-medium)
Loves their high stat individuals. Screens their secondaries A LOT. A lot of 75% tuition scholarships are offered here.
USF Health Morsani College of Medicine First year class size: 183 (large)
7.2% of out of state students interviewed. 58% in state students: 42% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 77 OOS matriculants Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine 6.3% of out of state students interviewed. 50% in state students: 48% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 104 OOS matriculants, with 3 being MD/PhD Virginia tech Carilion School of Medicine First year class size: 42 (incredibly small)
Wake Forest School of Medicine First year class size: 129 (medium).
Washington State University S. Floyd College of medicine New school.
Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine First year class size: 123 (medium). LOVES their high stat individuals.
Wayne State University School of Medicine First year class size: 286 (extremely large) Crazy high OOS tuition at 70k.
8.5% of out of state students interviewed. 76% in state students: 24% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 68 OOS matriculants Weill Cornell Medical College First year class: 106 (medium).
West Virginia University School of Medicine First year class size: 110 (medium)
16.6% of out of state students interviewed. 50% in state students: 50% out of state students.
EXTREMELY OOS friendly-- 55 OOS matriculants Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine First year class size: 72 (small-medium)
7.2% of out of state students interviewed. 46% in state students: 54% out of state students.
Very OOS friendly-- 39 OOS matriculants Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine First year class size: 108 (medium)
3.3% of out of state students interviewed. 71% in state students: 29% out of state students.
Pretty OOS friendly-- 31 OOS matriculants Yale School of Medicine First year class size: 104 (medium)
The Yale system seems appealing to people after being high-stress strung-out pre-meds, but some people drown in the freedom. If you’re a procrastinator or have difficulty with self-starting, it might not be for you. Also, most students take 5 years to graduate with that mandatory thesis requirement. Similar to Geisel in that it’s difficult to fly into New Haven if you’re coming from outside of the east coast (tiny tiny airport that only has direct flights to and from philly). If you’re coming from the east coast, your best option is to take a train.
Moreover, we have
http://themedicalschooldirectory.com/index.php/map/ as a tool to use for determining whether a public school should be applied to or not. PLEASE USE THIS.
Here is the AAMC applicants versus matriculant chart. Just a warning-- just because the matriculants are heavily IS or OOS does not
necessarily mean they have a huge bias. A good example is Keck of USC. They have around 80% IS matriculants, but it is a private school and likely due to their high tuition + COL and Californian's deeming it worth it to pay the money to be close to home.